IT Management Class
Networking Protocols Are Powerful Catalysts of Collaboration
Across Organizational Boundaries
The foundation of the Internet is based on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking protocol that serves to arbitrate control of the many connections that comprise the Web, with design criterion specifically designed to avoid packet collisions and ensure the highest performance possible. The TCP/IP protocol is based on the Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD), an approach to managing network traffic to anticipate and reduce packet collisions, increasing networking fidelity, performance and stability over the long-term. Inherent in the design of the CSMA/CD standard is support for simplex transmission, half-duplex and full duplex transmission approaches, all designed to enable the highest levels of performance possible for a given TCP/IP network configuration (Cisco Tutorial, 2007). The CSMA/CD standard is credited with the proliferation of the World Wide Web, as it successfully supported the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its many variants and development languages. The HTTP protocol has been one of the most disruptive technologies in the last twenty years, effectively rending the traditional desktop operating system obsolete given the wide versatility of this protocol. These rapid innovations in networking standards and performance emanate from the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Of the many electronic standards organizations and bodies that work to define frameworks, models and techniques for integrating systems together, the ISO standards committees and teams have led the greatest level of disruptive change and technological shifts in computing over the last fifty years. The intent of this analysis is to illustrate how the OSI Model has successfully enabled enterprise-wide collaboration and continues to serve as an accelerator of change to communication patterns and the structures that support them globally through companies and organizations from all industries and sectors. All of these developments taken together have made the globalization of value chains possible, spurred and enabled...
The OSI Model has evolved in design to support the logical groupings of data and commands over diverse networks. As the TCP/IP network protocol has become nearly ubiquitous as the foundation of the Internet there has been a continual refinement of its Application Programmer Interface (API) to support the rapid interchange of data across diverse applications and computing platforms. Inherent in the design of the OSI Model is a modular architecture that was specifically designed to ensure enough agility and customization to integrate with non-standardized network architectures and platforms. The design objectives of the OSI Model specifically focus on how to create enough scalability within its layers to ensure a high level of customization for networks already in place within enterprises. The OSI Model was specifically designed to also allow for wide variation in the design of network topologies. This translates into the ability to use the OSI Model in smaller workgroups where interoperability across divergent or disparate applications and systems are needed to scaling up to support multi-platform-based networks as well.
As a result the OSI Model is comprised of five different layers including the Application, Presentation and Session layers as the higher-order strata of the model. The Data Link and Physical layers are used for the critical tasks of mapping physical connections across divergent networks to common interface points throughout disparate networks. This physical-to-logical workflow connection is initiated in these lower layers of the OSI Model, creating a formatted data stream of packets for the upper layers of the Model (Green, 2001). Figure 1, the Open Systems Interconnect Model, illustrates how each of the layers are dependent on…
