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Kiselica & Robinson (2001) point out the community outreach programs may be beneficial for clients but also the counseling profession. This notion is supported by other research including that of Myers, Sweeney & White (2002) who suggest that professional associations can create venues for counselors to share knowledge, training and standards, as well as provide advocacy advancement and help the profession remain credible (394).
Though advocacy programs in the past have focused primarily on the needs and abilities of school counselors and educational representatives, counselors must broaden their perspectives so advocacy may now include all branches of the counseling field. This may require additional training and resources, but will help strengthen the credibility and success of the profession. Advocacy efforts will also help raise community awareness and strengthen the ability of counselors to develop their clients over short- and long-term periods.
Conclusions
Advocacy is an important component of the counseling profession. In times of old advocacy issues were primarily reserved for the educational or school counseling field. Today however, new approaches to advocacy can benefit counselors and clients in any type of counseling arrangements.
A new model of advocacy must include community involvement and developmental advocacy to help strengthen counselor's ability to improve patient's outcome for the future. Counselors should work toward not simply treating patients, but also work toward developing them and helping amend the communities in which they live so that the community in turn also supports itself and the counselor's potential clients.
For counselors to effectively adopt an advocacy framework they must first assert their mission as promotion of optimal development and improvement for all patients (Lewis, Cheek & Hendricks, 2001; Kiselica & Robinson, 2001). Akos & Galassi support a developmental advocacy framework instead of a client advocacy framework, which is the traditional method adopted by most counselors. Developmental advocacy enables counselors to work more toward "changing an environment so it meets the needs of clients" (Bradley & Lewis, 3).
References
Akos, P. & Galassi, J.P. (2004). "Developmental...
(1992). From gatekeeper to advocate: Transforming the role of the school counselor. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
House, R.M., & Martin, P.J. (1998). Advocating for better futures for all students: A new vision for school counselors. Education, 119, 284-291.
Kiselica, M.S., & Robinson, M. (2001). Bringing advocacy counseling to life: The history, issues, and human dramas of social justice work in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79, 387-397.
Lee, C.C. (1998). Counselors as agents of social change. In C.C. Lee & G.R. Walz
(Eds.), Social action: A mandate for counselors (pp. 3-14). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Lee, C.C. (2001). Culturally responsive school counselors and programs: Addressing the needs of all students. Professional School Counseling, 4, 257-261.
Lent, R.W. (1990). "Further reflections on the public image of counseling psychology."
Counseling Psychologist, 18(1): 324-332.
Lewis, J., & Bradley, L. (Eds.). (2000). Advocacy in counseling: Counselors, clients & community. Greensboro, NC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services.
Lewis, J.A., Cheek, J.R., & Hendricks, C.B. (2001). Advocacy in supervision. In L.J.
Bradley & N. Ladany (Eds.), Counselor supervision: Principles, process, and practice (3rd ed., pp. 330-341). Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.
McWhirter, E.H. (1997). Empowerment, social activism, and counseling." Counseling and Human Development, 29(1):14
Muller, L.E. (1992, Mar). "Who does counseling?" Guidepost, 29.
Myers, J.E., Sweeney, T.J., & White, V.E. (2002). "Advocacy for counseling and counselors: A professional imperative." Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(4) 394.
Salminen, M., Isoaho, R., Vahlberg, T., Ojanlatva, A. & Kivela, S.L. (2005, Jun).
"Effects of a health advocacy, counseling, and activation programme on depressive symptoms in older coronary heart disease patients." Int J. Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(6):552-8.
Advocacy and Counseling
References
Akos, P. & Galassi, J.P. (2004). "Developmental advocacy: Twenty-first century school counseling." Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(2): 164
Hart, P.J., & Jacobi, M. (1992). From gatekeeper to advocate: Transforming the role of the school counselor. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
House, R.M., & Martin, P.J. (1998). Advocating for better futures for all students: A new vision for school counselors. Education, 119, 284-291.
Kiselica, M.S., & Robinson, M. (2001). Bringing advocacy counseling to life: The history, issues, and human dramas of social justice work in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79, 387-397.
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