Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
(Council of Europe, 2001 This report relates that in the "Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 it is stated: (1) Every person belonging to national minorities shall have the right freely to choose to be treated as such and no disadvantage shall result from this choice or from the exercise of the rights, which are connected to that choice; and (2) the persons belonging to national minorities may exercise the rights and enjoy the freedoms flowing from the principles enshrined in the present framework Convention individually as well as in community with others. (Council of Europe, 2001) Additionally reported is that Albanians "have historically claimed distinction for understanding and tolerance towards national minority members, a fact which has determined the exemplary coexistence between them and religious communities." (Council of Europe, 2001) Toward this end, Albania is focusing on two fundamental policy directions: (1) Protection and respect of the human rights and freedoms and the development of the special identity of the minorities, and (2) Their complete integration in the Albanian society. (Council of Europe, 2001)
III. EDUCATION ISSUES for MINORITIES
It is related in one report that the educational infrastructure in its entirety "was severely affected during the period of unrest" in Albania however the government is presently in the process of planning "new programs and texts for minority education, and teacher training for minority education classes." (European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance, 1999) Four new schools are now in operation for the minority population although there is a shortage of teachers who are qualified to teach at the minority schools.
IV. RACIAL & RELIGIOUS INEQUALITIES
It is reported that minorities are particularly vulnerable to "excessive use of force and ill-treatment by law enforcement officials..." And additionally reported is "discrimination in employment in the public sector..." By members of the Greek minority. The group most vulnerable to "marginalization...
(European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance, 1999) the three primary religions in Albania are Muslim, Orthodox and Catholic as the majority of Jewish individuals have left Albania. The ECRI states that areas needing attention include: (1) the lack of fully-developed legal framework combating racism and racial discrimination; (2) the precarious situation of the Roma/Gypsy community and the need to counter discrimination, including police discrimination; and (3) the need to procure reliable information concerning the situation of minority groups in Albania. (Economic Council, 2001)
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
It is clear that Albania has made great effort both historically and traditionally in preserving the rights of minority populations however, the migration that Albania has experienced with the inward and outward flux of individuals leaving the country, and then returning only to leave again has created new and difficult challenges in relation to minority populations in the country. However, the government of Albania is well aware of these needs and having acknowledged these needs has developed plans in addressing the challenges that minorities in Albania face.
Bibliography
Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 (2001) Council of Europe. 26 Jul 2001. http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/2001/albania/Albania.htm. Onlineavailable at:
Report on Albania: ECRI's country-by-country Approach (1999) European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance. Strasbourg 9 Nov 1999. Council of Europe. Online available at http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/ecri/5-Archives/1-ECRI's_work/1-Country_by_country/CBC1-Albania.pdf
Vullnetari, Julie (2007) Albanian Migration and Development: State of the Art Review. IMISCOE Working Paper 18. September 2007. Online available at http://www.imiscoe.org/publications/workingpapers/documents/Albanianmigration.pdf
Bibliography
Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 (2001) Council of Europe. 26 Jul 2001. http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/2001/albania/Albania.htm. Onlineavailable at:
Report on Albania: ECRI's country-by-country Approach (1999) European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance. Strasbourg 9 Nov 1999. Council of Europe. Online available at http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/ecri/5-Archives/1-ECRI's_work/1-Country_by_country/CBC1-Albania.pdf
Vullnetari, Julie (2007) Albanian Migration and Development: State of the Art Review. IMISCOE Working Paper 18. September 2007. Online available at http://www.imiscoe.org/publications/workingpapers/documents/Albanianmigration.pdf
Human Trafficking The State Department of the U.S. Government has for the past ten years issued an annual report on the state of laws governing human trafficking. The latest report shows that most of the world's industrialized countries have enacted laws to protect against human trafficking. This includes recognizing that human trafficking is a problem and having taken steps to address the issue (Wu & Zifcak, 2010). Most countries in the
UK Immigration Act of 1971 and Its Enforcement with Respect to Administrative Removal/Deportation when Articles 3 and 8 of European Convention of Human Rights are Engaged Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many observers stated that "nothing would ever be the same again" and in some ways they have been absolutely correct. While the United Kingdom continues its inexorable march to become fully integrated into the burgeoning European
Greece, a south-eastern European country, is also officially known as the Hellenic Republic. The country "occupies the southernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula and borders on the Ionian Sea in the west, on the Mediterranean Sea in the south, on the Aegean Sea in the east, on Turkey and Bulgaria in the northeast, on Macedonia in the north, and on Albania in the northwest" ("Greece," 2012). The largest city and
Search and Rescue is the search that is done to provide aid to the people who are feeling distressed or any sort of obvious danger. The general field of SAR encompasses many sub-fields that are generally acknowledged by the sort of terrain over which the search has been conducted. The types of terrain include ground search and rescue, which also includes the use of dogs for search and rescue. This
interventionism from the perspective of realism vs. idealism. Realism is defined in relationship to states' national interests whereas idealism is defined in relation to the UN's Responsibility to Protect doctrine -- a doctrine heavily influenced by Western rhetoric over the past decade. By addressing the question of interventionism from this standpoint, by way of a case study of Libya and Syria, a picture of the realistic implications of "humanitarian
The new law has prosecuted 426 traffickers in 203 cases. These traffickers had 844 victims in that year alone. This law imposes penalties from 10 years imprisonment to life imprisonment (Kyodo). Myanmar: Effective or Not? The capacity of the national government in fighting the problem of human trafficking has been limited (UNODC 2007). It is particularly limited in implementing policy changes in remote areas where traffickers operate. Anti-trafficking groups are looking