Without a public health system in place these elements were left in the street to be breathed in and walked through daily. In addition there engineering advances that built large high rise slums that were quickly filled to capacity even though they offered no fresh water or waste disposal areas. The 1870's became the decade for urban public health reform as Congress made the move to reorganize the Marine Hospital Service.

Southwest History Susan Shelby Magoffin was the first or among the first white American or non-Indian women to cross the Santa Fe Trail. She traveled as the young and new bride of a successful trader, Samuel Magoffin, who had established business with the Mexicans before he married Susan. Their journey from Independence, Missouri to Chihuahua, Mexico was their honeymoon. On the way, Susan recorded her experiences, perceptions and insights in a

Art History War Imagery in Ancient and Contemporary Art Considering the backdrop of politics and war is an important part of understanding ancient and contemporary art (Stockstad, 2003, p. 468). Historians can tell a lot about the actual events and feelings that occurred during wartime by looking at the rat of the time. As the twentieth century dawned, many European and Americans had an optimistic outlook on life, believing that human society would

A favorite target for conspiracists today as well as in the past, a group of European intellectuals created the Order of the Illuminati in May 1776, in Bavaria, Germany, under the leadership of Adam Weishaupt (Atkins, 2002). In this regard, Stewart (2002) reports that, "The 'great' conspiracy organized in the last half of the eighteenth century through the efforts of a number of secret societies that were striving for

Economy of Colonial America Brief chronology of the initial economic developments of the colonies Jamestown, Virginia colony was first to show signs of economic growth Massachusetts Bay colonists buy corn from Indians Literature generalizations and postulations on economy of colonies Puritanism may have helped shape the capitalistic society to evolve The strength of the British Navy altered colonial approach to economic growth Colonial farmers' efforts were more towards self-sufficiency than wealth Rate of Economic Growth in colonies Colonial economy

The codes appeared on the screen and were read by trained typographers. In 1970, the Merganthaler Linotype VIP became the first phototypesetter to incorporate a minicomputer with programmable software that could be used to process raw text within the output machine (Barlow & Eccles, 1992). The graphic artist and designer had been losing some of their credibility in relationship to the fine artists up to the 1970s, because typesetting became