Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Behaviorism
Compare and contrast 2 different behavioral theories/models of your choice.
Behaviorism vs. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
The father of behaviorism is widely acknowledged to be B.F. Skinner. Skinner attempted to develop an 'experimental' approach to human psychology, and based many of his foundational theories upon experiments with rats rather than humans. Skinner believed that operant conditioning was the best way to motivate individuals to adopt new behaviors, or to extinguish existing behavior patterns. "When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond" (Operant conditioning, 2012, Instructional Design). The focus of Skinner was upon externalities, rather than upon internal motivations of behavior.
For example, when dealing with someone who was a compulsive over-eater, rather than focusing on the psychological reasons the person felt compelled to overeat, Skinner instead would focus upon creating an environment that would reward healthy choices (such as buying a new item of clothing for every certain number of pounds lost)...
These techniques conspire to 'shape' behavior through external reinforcement.
Behavioral approaches to learning, as inspired by Skinner, have these components: "breaking down the skills and information to be learned into small units," so that positive behaviors can be rewarded; "checking student's [or client's] work regularly and providing feedback as well as encouragement" in both positive and negative ways; focusing directly on the behavior in isolated units; and providing direct advice and instruction with a strong emphasis on drilling and accountability (Chin 2012).
Another form of behaviorism that has grown in popularity today is that of cognitive behavioral theory (CBT). Like Skinner's theory, there is a strong focus on external behaviors. However, with cognitive behavioral therapy, there is also a focus upon identifying unproductive thinking habits. Skinner's theory ultimately stresses the lack of awareness we have about our behaviors, and the fact that forces beyond our conscious control can affect how we…
References
Chin, Irene. (2012). An overview of behavioral theories. An Electronic Textbook on Instructional
Technology. Retrieved: http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/behavior.htm
Operant conditioning. (2012). Instructional Design. Retrieved:
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/operant-conditioning.html
Therapists (NACBT). Retrieved: http://www.nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm
In case a reinforcing stimulus does not ensue as a result of a behavior, the probability of a repetition of such a behavior decreases. Again, if a behavior is followed by an aversive stimulus, the probability of a repetition of such a behavior decreases. The removal of an aversive stimulus by an experimenter results in a negative reinforcement. If an aversive stimulus, which follows a certain type of behavior,
Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Theories Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral Theories In this paper, there is going to an examination of Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic theories. This is accomplished by focusing on: the two theories, their theoretical concepts, micro skills / techniques and a summary of these ideas. These elements will show how each one can address issues impacting the patient and the long-term effects upon them. In the world of psychology, there are
Methods used in this application would include exciting the students by first, informing them of the new information and what it would consist of, second, presenting to the students some sort of stimuli that would elicit a performance from each individual. The teacher and other students could then provide feedback about the specific performance, and would therefore reinforce the learning process, ie; move the information from the short-term memory to the
Psychoanalytic Theory and Behavioral Theory There are numerous types of psychological theories and with them approaches for modifying human happiness and behavior. Psychoanalytic theory and behavioral theory are two of the most overwhelming and notable theories in this field. Exploring them adequately not only illuminates the field of mental health, but the truly endless possibilities for treatment approaches for a professional in this field. Psychoanalytic Theory "This is one of the oldest theories
A commitment to open-mindedness and humility in respect to theory and practice." (Brodley, 1986) II. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THEORY The work entitled: "An introduction to Cognitive Therapy & Cognitive Behavioral Approaches" states that: "The central insight of cognitive therapy as originally formulated over three decades ago is that thoughts mediate between stimuli, such as external events, and emotions." (Counselling Resource, nd) it is suggested within this theory that "psychological distress is caused by
However, if Margarita indicates that she feels lonely and wishes she had another best friend after the death of her previous best friend, this may provide the means for her to move on from the death and re-establish a level of enthusiasm for life in general. Her anger seems to stem from a Napoleonic type complex where she feels insecure about physical looks and her personality. Such beliefs cause her