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The findings from Experiment 2 indicate that maltreated children's lower recognition accuracy is not secondary to an impairment of their ability to detect physical differences between facial expressions. Rather, maltreatment seems to affect children's understanding of particular emotional displays (p. 684). Relationship with Peers and Parents: A study conducted by Burack et al. In 2007 assessed the ability of maltreated school-age children and adolescents to understand the thoughts, feelings, and points-of-view of others. Level of egocentrism and social perspective-taking coordination were assessed in a group of 49 chronically maltreated and 49 demographically matched non-maltreated children. The findings revealed that despite opportunities for monitored peer interactions and contact with supportive adult models in therapeutic group home settings and in treatment programs, maltreated children and adolescents were more egocentric and delayed in their social perspective-taking development than their non-maltreated peers and that they reported lower levels of global self-worth. However, one potentially positive finding was that low levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors among the maltreated children were associated with better interpersonal negotiation strategies with unfamiliar peers indicating that the effects of maltreatment are not necessarily globally deleterious with respect to social perspective-taking skills (see Burack et al., 2006, p. 214). According to this study, maltreating parents may pose...
The family environment of almost all maltreated children lacks the elements of support, affection, empathic modeling, and inductive child-rearing techniques that are identified as important variables in the development of the capacity for understanding the feelings and perspectives of others and a coherent sense of self. Because parents who rear their children in unresponsive or violent environments fail to foster communicative exchanges, opportunities to form emotional attachments with alternative parental figures and peers are also limited, as maltreating parents tend to isolate their families from others in the community and deprive their children of opportunities for interaction. Accordingly, maltreated children often form insecure, conflicted relationships with primary caregivers and are at risk for delays in the development of age-appropriate, self-other differentiation (Burack et al., 2006, p. 208).
Previous research cited by Kaplow and Spatz Wisdom (see p. 183) has also identified important links between early childhood maltreatment, insecure attachment relationships, and the inability to achieve critical developmental milestones such as self-regulation. Children who are abused or neglected earlier in life are more likely to develop insecure attachment relationships with their primary caregivers, leading to emotion-regulation difficulties and problem-solving deficits. Psychological Outcomes of
The second includes verbal and emotional assaults including persistent patterns of belittling, denigrating, scapegoating, and other nonphysical, but clearly hostile or rejecting behaviors, such as repeated threats of beatings, sexual assault, and abandonment. The third, residual, category includes other forms of emotional abuse such as attempted sexual or physical assaults; throwing something at a child but missing; withholding shelter, sleep, or other necessities as punishment, and economic exploitation (p.11). According
The victim is often put into situations where they are physically deprived of the things they need to make appropriate decisions. For instance they may be deprived of sleep or food so that they can be more easily manipulated. Mental abuse may also involve teasing or name calling. In many cases the perpetrator is very aware of the victim's weaknesses and uses them to humiliate or subjugate the victim. Sexual
Child Abuse in Literature Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment entails all types of neglect and abuse of a child below eighteen years by caregivers, parents or any other person (Crosson-Tower, 2006). Child abuse encompasses all forms of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect or child exploitation that causes potential or actual harm to a child's well-being, dignity and development (Smith & Fong, 2004). According to Scannapieco & Connell-Carrick (2005), child maltreatment is
Child Abuse "Although it is extremely important when interviewing children about alleged abuse to determine whether the abuse was single or repeated… we have little information about how children judge the frequency of events… [and] overall children were very accurate at judging the frequency of a single event, but much less so for repeated events." (Sharman, et al., 2011). Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) reports that in the year 2010
Child abuse can be referred to as a physical, sexual or an emotional state of harm that is inflicted upon the child. There are various types and forms that can be undertaken by the abuser which may involve hitting, shaking, beating, burning or even biting the child in the physical form, Sexual forms of child abuse may involve incest, molestation, touching and exposing the child to sexual acts that may
Child and Elder Abuse Child Abuse The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) publishes a website called healthychildren.org. -- and the section called "What do I need to know about child abuse?" provides excellent information on the particulars of child abuse. The Healthy Children site points out that child abuse "…is common," and hence, with all the reports on television and in the newspapers about children being mistreated, it should cause parents, guardians,