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Strain theory states that certain societies may pressure individuals to commit a crime. Strain may be either structural, namely where the individual feels that his or her needs are not met and turns to crime, therefore, as way of meeting these needs. In this case, processes at the societal level filter adown and effect the individual's perception regarding how he or she perceives her need. For instance, the particular society may be too constricting and disallow the individual from meeting his needs. The individual then turns to crime as outlet to meet it.
The strain may be also individual where society's goals become so important to the individual that he or she looks for ways to achieve and meet them, and unable to accomplish them in the normal way, reverts to crime in order to do so. The end of achieving these goals, in other words, becomes more important than the means taken in order to do so.
General strain theory looks at the strain in the life of the individual and whether that is strong enough to induce his attraction to crime. Agnew, author of general strain theory, posited negative and positive strains...
This is absence of a necessary motivator. Whilst the positive situation refers to accumulation of constrictive, positively valenced stimuli that lends negative stress and strain on the individual (Pfohl, 1994).
(2) Characterize the social disorganization theory.
Social disorganization theory states that environment matters as much, or more, than the individual's characteristics such as age, gender, race etc. In attracting one to crime. The theory doesn't apply to all crime only to street crime. First introduced by Thomas and Znaniecki, the authors posited that behavior is a product of situation and environment. Attitudes are formed by acculturation. Communities that are characterized by negligible or non-existent welfare systems, decrepit schools, non-caring governments, and stunted churches may well result in dysfunctional families and a high-level of crime. Healthy and strong communal relationships reinforce positive behavior and reinforcement that has a resounding effect…
References
Jensen, G. (2003). Social disorganization theory. Encyc. Of Criminology. Fitzroy Dearborn Pub.
Pfohl, S.. (1994). Images of deviance and social control. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sutherland, E.H.. (1974). Criminology (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Sociological theories of criminal behavior do not discount individual-level learning but focus more on the surrounding culture and environment. To explain criminal behavior, sociologists usually center on conflict theories, strain theories, labeling theories, and social control theories. Conflict theories have their roots in Marxist philosophy. They reveal how class conflict can create impetus for deviance and also lead to general anomie. Strain theory similarly suggests that criminal behavior can result
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