Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Structure and Function of a Military Model and the Sociological Aspect of the Military
The objective of this work is to describe and discuss the structure and function of one of the six military models and analyze the military as a social institution explaining the relationship impact of social institutions.
The military model that will be reviewed in this work in writing is the Institution/Occupation Model reported to be the model, proposed first in 1977 by Charles C. Moskos. This model involves the identification of "a set of polarized empirical indicators…ranging from an Institutional to an Occupational format of military organization." (Caforio, 2006) In the first proposal of Moskos, there are two "ideal types of armed forces & #8230;defined that can be considered mutually exclusive to some extent." (Caforio, 2006) The original proposal or Moskos was revised and such that made the provision of a "new interpretation that considered the possibility of a pluralist military without a zero-sum game effect between the two polar models in the sense that institutional and occupational traits can coexist within a given military force and take different shapes among the service, branches and echelons." (Caforio, 2006)
I. The I/O Military Model
This model was one of the models that resulted in a major influence on social scientific research in the military. (Alpass, et al., 1999) The institution described by Moskos (1986) is an institution viewed as something "in which:...
This institution features wages that are lower than market wages but which are "often compensated for by other non-cash benefits like housing, uniform, medical treatment…" (Alpass, et al., 1999) In addition, there is practically never an organization of the institution's members when they have a grievance but instead the members trust the institution to take care of them. This is stated to be in contrast to an occupation stated to be "determined by market forces, which means that appropriately, determined monetary reward is provided for requisite skills and greater employee involvement in the wage and condition establishing process is allowed. Additionally, and possibly most significantly, the occupational model emphasizes individualistic motivations rather than the good of the organization." (Alpass, et al., 1999)
The I/O model is such that contains several implications for the work environment and stated by Alpass et al. (1999) is: (1) It was argued by Segal and Segal (1983) that the I/O modalities represent traditional 'mechanistic and organic types of military structure; (2) the institutional model places emphasis on 'referent power where leadership is transformational, value-oriented, caring and inspiring thought to promote group cohesion; and (3) some elements of the military requiring skills that are highly technical or specialized "will be more occupational than elements…
References
Andersen, M.L. And Taylor, H.F. (2007) Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society. Cengage Learning, 2007. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=UILcQZS6Bi4C&dq=military+as+a+social+institution&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Alpass, F. et al. (1999) Moskos Institution-Occupation Model: Effects on Individual Work Related Perceptions and Experiences in the Military. BNET. Retrieved from: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3719/is_199907/ai_n8832340/
Caforio, G. (2006) Handbook of the Sociology of the Military. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, 2006. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=Iep9WSMEzS8C&dq=six+military+models&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s
In has taken more than two centuries to develop the U.S. Army's Military Decision Making Process, and while the combination of traditional Army forces (infantry, artillery, etc.) has been incorporated into it, the MDMP maintained its traditional parochial attitude toward interagency operations. But with new threats facing the United States, necessity demanded a new approach to military planning and operations; something that could incorporate all military forces to their most
The subjects were 613 injured Army personnel Military Deployment Services TF Report 13 admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center from March 2003 to September 2004 who were capable of completing the screening battery. Soldiers were assessed at approximately one month after injury and were reassessed at four and seven months either by telephone interview or upon return to the hospital for outpatient treatment. Two hundred and forty-three soldiers
Military Ops Military-Led Reconstruction and Fiedler's Contingency Theory In light of the unfolding instability, violence and difficulty that characterized the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States military must reexamine its approach to the strategic invasion, occupation, reconstruction and power-handover that have evolved into a war-making template for the nation. Accordingly, the research conducted hereafter considers the need for a change in leadership orientation, using Fiedler's Contingency Theory as the lens
An Analysis of The Joint Integrated Contingency Model (JICM)Introduction and BackgroundThe discipline of operations research developed as an outgrowth of the development of science and technology in the 20th Century early years. After the First World War, researchers envisioned the best way to defeat or implement airplanes, large armed warships, and submarines. In late 1941, operational research as a discipline had developed in the major military commands, first in Britain
Management Theory As we shift into a new era of management, the outmoded theories rooted in Classical and Scientific Management apply only to specific organizations in specific situations. Newly emerging theories of management take into account not only diversity issues but also issues related to workplace satisfaction, which in turn reduces employee turnover and therefore can improve overall performance. Management theories now need to promote learning organizations and a managerial culture
military imparts in an individual many important qualities that they carry out into the real world. These qualities are leadership, versatility, character, among others. The military is an excellent place to learn, to grow, and to better one's self. Many people have had long and successful careers that they earned only through being in the military. It teaches a person the importance of hard work, communication, and bravery. The military