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1. clevis
2. jack
3. bolt
4. housing
5. tranverse rod
6. spring bolt
7. knurled nut
8. tranverse cross-support
9. resting plate
10. rubber buffer
11. ball heads
12. cable holder
Figure 2 (Jackson, 2002)
The bomb release trapeze operated according to very simple mechanical principles and relied on gravity. Upon activation of the bomb release lever, a simple cable-catch attached directly to the exterior of the bomb released the hook and allowed the bomb to fall under its own weight. The trapeze prevented the bomb from detaching until the device had swung out 180 degrees from the aircraft fuselage at which point notches on the inside of each longitudinal tranverse arm (visible in Figure 1 near the bomb attachment) allowed the pins holding the bomb to the tranverse arms to fall away from the tranverse arms.
IV. Operating Description
The principal function and purpose of the device was to allow an aircraft to release a large bomb (typically 500 lbs) in the vertical diving orientation without causing the bomb to strike the propeller with obvious catastrophic consequences. In actual operation, the Ju-87 pilot would identify a target and position his aircraft to dive directly onto the target. At approximately 1,500 feet, the pilot would hit the bomb release lever releasing the cable to allow the bomb to swing out freely...
After the release, the pilot would reposition the trapeze by means of a rotating winch lever similar to that used in automobiles prior to electric windows. The aircraft could not be re-armed in flight and would land to take on another bomb and return to the theater of operations as soon as possible.
V. Conclusion
The Junkers Ju-87 "Stuka" was the world's first operational aircraft designed for the role of dive bomber. During testing, it became clear to the Junkers design team that the traditional bomb release fixture in which bombs were attached directly to the fuselage of the aircraft would require alteration to avoid having the bomb strike the aircraft's propeller as it passed the aircraft in the vertical flight orientation. The bomb release trapeze allowed the bomb to be carried in the traditional configuration for aerodynamic purposes but to be safely released without the risk of striking the propeller. It was an innovative design that allowed the Stuka to become a devastating tactical aviation weapon and a precursor of all modern dive bombers that followed it.
References
Crosby, F. (2007). The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World. London,
UK: Hermes.
Jackson, R. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft. London, UK: Parragon.
Jackson, R. (2003). Modern Military Aircraft: Development, Weaponry, Specifications.
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