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Alternatively, they may retain a fundamental psychological orientation that
corresponds to the precise stage of development (i.e. oral or anal phase, etc.) where their essential needs where unfulfilled within their family of origin (McWilliams, 2004).
Most significantly, whereas most children experience the psychological "loss" of the parent through this process, the manner in which parents interact with their children and the specific experiences of the child during that stage determines many aspects of the psychological issues that develop within the individual in connection with subsequent romantic urges and relationships (McWilliams, 2004). Similarly, Freud proposed that the other stages of infancy such as the oral phase and anal phase also contribute to later expression of various psychological issues, particularly those involving sexual relations
(Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2008; Mitchell & Black, 1995).
Repression, the Repetition Compulsion, and Dream Interpretation:
Another fundamental component of Freudian psychology is that extremely unpleasant thoughts, desires, and traumatic experiences are forgotten by the conscious mind as a natural coping strategy that fulfils the same purpose psychologically that swelling does around a sprained joint. In both cases, the purpose is to allow the individual to continue functioning (whether physically or psychologically) despite the injury (McWilliams, 2004). However, Freud cautioned that the process by which conscious thoughts, feelings, and experience are repressed into the unconscious mind is imperfect (Pinker, 2002) and that there are considerable consequences associated with the long-term repression of unresolved fundamental psychological conflicts and issues
(Coleman, Butcher, & Carson, 2004; Mitchell & Black, 1995).
In that regard, Freud also proposed the repetition compulsion principle to explain why people tend to repeat behaviors and relationship...
Therefore, much of the focus of the psychodynamic therapeutic model is to bring unconscious, repressed emotions and issues to the conscious perception to break the repetition compulsion (McWilliams,
2004). By confronting the original issues that triggered psychological repression and therefore the subsequent behavioral manifestations of those conflicts and traumas,
Freudian psychotherapy enables the patient to discharge the energy that is required to maintain that repression continually (Coleman, Butcher, & Carson, 2004).
Finally, in his seminal work, Interpretation of Dreams, Freud proposed that the purpose of human dreaming is to facilitate the condensation and displacement of the ideas, thoughts, and fears of the individual that, ordinarily, are psychologically blocked from conscious recognition or thought (McWilliams, 2004; Pinker, 2002). According to the Freudian perspective, dreams correspond to complex ideations rather any literal interpretation of the events and circumstance in dreams (McWilliams, 2004). In
psychodynamic analysis, the content of dreams are characteristic of subconsciously repressed psychological issues and conflicts (Pinker, 2002).
References
Coleman, J.C., Butcher, J.N., and Carson, R.C. (2004). Abnormal Psychology and Human Life. Dallas: Scott, Foresman & Co.
Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2008). Psychology and Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
McWilliams, N. (2004). Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Guilford.
Mitchell, S., and Black, M. (1995). Freud And Beyond: A History Of Modern
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