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History Of Juvenile Justice System, Court and Corrections
History of Juvenile Justice System, Court, and Corrections
What would happen to him if he committed the crime of breaking and entering with the aggravating circumstances of assault during the colonial period? Explain in detail.
In the colonial era, individuals involved in burglary related crimes were given many different punishments from what they are given now. From crimes of breaking, Jim would have been given much harsher punishments. Most laws developed during the colonial period were strictly based on religion. Anybody acting against God wishes will be punished severely (Pollock, 2011).
List the punishments and the reasons for why they are given.
During the colonial period, any one who committed the crime of breaking would be tortured and then executed. Gallows and drowning pits were used for both major and petty criminals. Suspects who failed to admit the charges suffered pressing: here huge weights were put on the offender's chest. The offender was mistreated until he confessed or died. Those who did not confess were executed in public as a way of teaching people that law breaking led to serious consequences (Matthews & May, 2007).
List any theories that may be relevant to the topic.
Deterrence: this is a form of utilitarian theory, which argues that punishment given to a criminal is only justified if it reduces crime. Punishment should be proportional to the offense committed. This means that punishment should be given accordingly in order to satisfy the goal of preventing a crime. This theory considers that punishment can be in the form of specific or general deterrence. In the case of general deterrence, law enforcers impose punishment in order to deter the entire community from engaging in criminal activities in the future. On the other hand, specific deterrence involves punishing an individual in order to prevent him form engaging in criminal acts. In addition, it involves reinforcing the...
Some of the rehabilitative punishments given to offenders include drug addiction therapy, psychiatric acre and vocational or academic training.
Retributivism: under this theory, a criminal is punished because he or she deserves it. This theory does not seek to deter individuals or protect the society. This theory aims at making the criminal suffer as a way of paying for his or her crimes. Punishment is assigned on a proportional basis. In this regard, high degree crimes are given harsh punishments than less crime.
Denunciation: this theory argues that punishing criminals is away of expressing how the society condemns a crime. This theory is desirable because it informs the people that the society perceives to be of improper conduct. It channels the anger of the society away from personal vengeance and maintains social cohesion in the community (Martin, 2005).
What would happen to him if he committed the same crime in the 21st century? Explain in detail.
In the 21st Century, breaking has been defined as a felony. This is regarded as a felony of second degree and by doing so; Jim attempted and committed a felony. He would be sentenced for felony with up to 20-year in prison and a fine of $10,000 (Martin, 2005).
Explain the procedure of the criminal justice system during both periods of time.
In the colonial period, criminal justice procedures did not respond to the needs of the community as well as the offender. The system failed to prioritize on the offender and community's future improvement. The system focused on exclusively punishing and processing the offenders. They did not embrace the professional capacity to embrace the community as well as the victim of crime as associates in the delivery of justice. Offenders were rarely challenged or confronted with the impacts of their criminal and anti-social behavior. On the…
References
Martin, G. (2005). Juvenile Justice: Process and Systems. Indian: SAGE
Matthews, B. & May, D. (2007). Corrections and the Criminal Justice System. California: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
McGarrell, E. (2008). Juvenile Correctional Reform: Two Decades of Policy and Procedural
Change. New York: SUNY Press
What is significant about youth court is that the attorneys, jurors and even the judges are themselves adolescents and many times former defendants (Butts, Hoffman & Buck, 1999). The foundational premise or ideology behind youth courts is that the youth's judgment from their peer cohorts may be more convincing and in the long run beneficial than judgment handed down by officials and adults in the judicial system. Because many
juvenile justice system in America. The writer discusses the start of the system and the major changes that have taken place in the system over the past 100 years. There were four sources used to complete this paper. Following events such as Columbine the American public began to demand a re-evaluation of the juvenile justice system in this nation. What many people do not know is that the American juvenile
Reforming the Juvenile Justice System: In Search of Justice and Accountability While the overall crime rate has steadily decreased over the last decade throughout the country, there is one segment of crime that has been increasing: criminal offences committed by juveniles (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: 2002). In the last 15 years, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the incidence of criminal offences committed by juveniles (under the age of
This Act was more focused on preventing juvenile delinquency and separating the juveniles from the adults in the correction facilities. It was argued that the juveniles learnt even worse crimes and became more radical criminals if detained together with the adult offenders. This was more pronounced during the 'Progressive Era' with proponents like Morrison Swift suggesting that the juvenile delinquents only benefited to learn more criminal tactics from the
Juvenile Justice Juvenile delinquency is the misdemeanors or the breach of law that is committed by an American or a person living in America but still under the age of 18 years old. This is the common age limit that exists across most states except in Wyoming where the age is 19 years or younger (Whitehead & Lab, 1999). It is worth noting that by 2006, there were 92,854 juvenile delinquents
There are also theories on protective factors such as social control theory, which suggests that, absent social control force coming from the individual's bonds to community members (family, peers, school), youth will commit delinquent behavior naturally. And social capital theory argues "that the community can be strengthened by investing more in social networks, communication, and an exchange of resources" (Noyori-Corbett & Moon, 2010, p. 254). A combination and an