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Working in social groups early humans discovered tools, methods for controlling fire and using the wheel and eventual begin developing methods for "recording and communicating message" to one another, resulting in "the creation of larger societal units, hierarchical differentiation and specialized division of labor" (Laszlo, 2001: 654).
Language communication and development have made possible faster growth, more complexity within society and higher levels of socialization and interaction. Through increased communication and interaction humans were able to develop and work together to discover technological innovation that further changed the way humans behave. Organization within human communities and territorial expansion continued to rise and homosapiens continued on a path of socio-cultural evolution stemming from language developments (Gibson, 1987).
Current Behavioral Implications Modern Humans
Laszlo (2001) suggests we are at a "critical juncture in the history of our species" when "a mode of evolution that was dominant since the advance of the Neolithic creatins unsustainable conditions" (p. 654). The researcher suggest that behavioral implications of evolutionary changes that have occurred in the past have included the need to conquest, colonize and consume, at times more than the earth is capable of providing. He further asserts that whereas in times of old man evolved from villages and caves now humans are evolving toward a state where people are becoming more interconnected and relying more on information-based social, cultural and economic systems that will influence global relationships and human evolvement into the next several centuries.
Further the researcher argues that evolution is in an intense stage where connection, communication and above all consciousness have become a grave concern. He characterizes modern behavior and development as a period of "intensive evolution" and sees a need to further develop human behavior to create a sustainable and humane future for mankind.
There are many problems that modern humans face including new economic, social and cultural evolutionary changes. This path is likely to be hazardous at times and filled with problems. For sustainable development to occur human beings must develop clear strategies and tools for managing sustainable development in this climate. That will require more interaction, communication and understanding.
The same challenges that faced pre-historical humankind though will face humans tomorrow and into the next century. Mankind will still need to find adequate food, land and a financial base with which to live. Conceptual thinking will continue to develop, encouraging further cooperation among groups. The primary difference is more sophisticated technologies will be used to facilitate this process; whereas crude tools were used in times of old, today digital technology is used to connect humankind the world over.
For humans in the next millennium the biggest challenges will include increasing expansion of the population and hence increasingly limited resources. Laszlo suggests that depletion of physical life support systems and "nonrenewable sources" may stretch our development and ability to interact in some ways. There is suggestion and support among anthropologists that socio-cultural evolution must shift in the upcoming years to accommodate changing needs.
Humans...
Perhaps the most influential development was bipedalism, that allowed humans to interact in more social ways, explore greater methods for survival, allowed greater hunting and gathering possibilities and encouraged greater dependency and interaction.
Along with bipedalism came a larger brain capacity, which also encouraged greater social interaction and collaboration. Speech or language development provided humankind yet another outlet to share ideas and collaborate and work together in complex social communities.
As time continues humans will continue to evolve. In the future communication and collaboration will become more important as mankind works together to take advantage of technology to adapt and survive in a world with increasingly limited natural resources.
References
Alland, A.
1973. Evolution and Human Behavior: An Introduction to Darwinian Anthropology. New York: Anchor Press.
Bel, B.
1999. "Evolutionary Obstetrics." In W.R. Trevathan, E.O. Smith & J.J. McKenna, Evolutionary Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 183-207.
2002. "The Socialization of Human Birth as Protection for Bipedalism." Serendip, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f02/web1/cphillips.html
1995. "The Evolution of Primate Intelligence." Harvard Undergraduate Society for Neuroscience, Electronic Document. http://hcs.harvard.edu/~husn/BRAIN/vol2/Primate.html, Accessed October 20.
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