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During this time all the defendants remain in prison. Finally, on April 1, 1935, the United States Supreme Court overturns the convictions of Patterson and Norris on the grounds that qualified African-Americans had been excluded from all juries in Alabama, including on this trial. (Johnson, 20) the trials are reflected in the fictional trial of Tom Robinson, which parallels the tensions and prejudices existent between the black and white communities. The novel also deals with a fake accusation of rape by a racist white man. Atticus Finch, Scout's father in the novel, who is a lawyer in the fictional town of Maycomb, is attacked by the white community for his attempt to do justice and defend Tom Robinson. The novel thus perfectly mirrors the beginning of the Southern community's awakening from racism.
As a response to the injustice and discrimination against the blacks, the Civil Rights Movement begins in the fifties. The Movement spans a long and uncertain period of time, which begins in the late fifties. It includes many separate movements and protests which attempt to abolish segregation and denounce the unconstitutional treatment of the black people.
On December 1, 1955, for instance, the Montgomery Bus Boycott officially starts. Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat at the front of the 'colored section' of a bus to a white passenger, defying a southern custom of the time. The Bus Boycott starts as a response to her arrest.
In September 1957, nine black students...
President Eisenhower sends federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, who become known as the 'Little Rock Nine.'
In January 1957, Martin Luther King, Charles K. Steele, and Fred L. Shuttlesworth establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, of which King is made the first president. The Conference becomes a leading force in the civil rights movement.
On October 1, 1962 James Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Violence and riots surrounding the incident cause President Kennedy to send 5,000 federal troops.
The list of events continues for the most part of the two following decades, comprising many individual and group movements for the integration of the African-Americans in the community.
Works Cited
Civil Rights Movement." http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html
Civil Rights Movement: An Introduction." http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/montbus.html
Johnson, Claudia Durst. Understanding 'To Kill a Mockingbird': A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Vintage, 1983.
Linder, Douglas O. "The Trials of the Scottsboro Boys." http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct.html
Works Cited
Civil Rights Movement." http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html
Civil Rights Movement: An Introduction." http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/montbus.html
Johnson, Claudia Durst. Understanding 'To Kill a Mockingbird': A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Vintage, 1983.
Linder, Douglas O. "The Trials of the Scottsboro Boys." http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct.html
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