C. (1). "Concept inventing" can be thought of as a way to analyze situations in such a way as to contemplate their meaning to create understanding. Using both the aspects of science, including logic, rationality, and empirical analysis, and art, including intuition, emotion, integrity, honor, and compassion, nurses can process information in such a way as to create a complete conceptual picture of both the abstract aspects and concrete facts of a situation. In doing so, nurses can create a basic definition of concepts that capture both the diversity and the personality of each patient, while simultaneously incorporating the experiences of others to create a universal concept.

C. (2). The process of concept inventing adds clarity to unique experiences that assist in individualizing patient care.

(3). First, the process of concept inventing is constantly moving, in that each concept is able to later be adjusted based on each unique experience. The concepts created are not meant to be stable, but instead are meant to guide one to a definition that captures the diversity of human life, and human experience. The general idea is to guide nurses to a structural, personal definition to advance their own knowledge. In attempting to understand each human being, and how that human being's experiences, thoughts, feelings, and emotions can be incorporated into the universal experience of human kind, a nurse can further their own knowledge of the human condition.

Even the process of creating a concept adds to the ability to view each patient as a unique and individual person in the community of human existence. Each new case requires a nurse to dwell on learned information from the patient, to strongly listen to intuition to provide a starting point for the concept, to listen carefully to the patient for possible clues to their experiences, and to appreciate each experience as unique. At the same time, a nurse is forced to take this information and use it to further their definitions, or concepts, that apply to the universal community. Through this encompassing thought process, a nurse is able to better understand, comprehend, evaluate, and care for each patient. The individualized nature of the concept invention process forces the nurse to view each life experience of each patient as individualized. As a result, the process of concept invention adds clarity to unique experiences that assist in individualizing patient care, as well as adds a layer of self-understanding to the lives of nurses that allows them to care for patients in a more personal manner. Process invention, in other words, exists as a part of the unitary concept of nursing, in that the process drives to find universal experiences on a personal, individualized plane.

D. In some journals, you will see "call-outs" placed strategically throughout the article to grasp the reader's attention or to highlight key points contained within the article. These callouts are brief, usually less than twenty words, and may be a whole or partial sentence. If you had to develop three "call-outs" to emphasize three main points of this article, what would they be?

The first call-out I would suggest would be, "Nursing art and nursing science combine to form a single conceptual system nurses can use to further their understanding of the universal human condition." Throughout the article, the author conveys...

In using both methods to evaluate and assist patients, nurses can achieve not only healing of the body, but also of the mind, spirit, and emotional components of a patient. In addition, by seeking to understand how these components work together, a nurse can further his or her own concepts, advancing not only his or her knowledge, but the field of nursing in general.
The second call-out I would suggest would be, "By engaging in lived experiences, nurses can further their understanding of the universal human experience." By using concept invention to experience the lives of others, nurses can further their own knowledge about the total human experiences in the world. Each experience, whether personally lived or lived through others, contains information that can teach about the truth of human existence, and the process of human becoming that is vital to understanding the human condition. By engaging in these experiences, either personally or vicariously through patients, nurses can gain this knowledge, which is then added to their concepts and values. By repeating this pattern throughout life, a nurse can gain knowledge of all variety of human experience, thus allowing them to better serve all patients with both their physical as well as their non-physical needs, creating a unitary paradigm of nursing.

The final call-out I would suggest would be, "No definition of science or art will ever be adequate or complete, because both revolve around human understanding, and both will change as humans change." Both science and art are concepts that are tied to the human condition, and to our understanding of human nature. As we develop concepts and ideas about such nature, we are constantly incorporating new experiences, both personally lived, and lived through contacts with other humans. These experiences change our existences, in that we add to each concept of human nature we nurture. As these change, our definition of what constitutes art, and our empirical observations of science, will also change. From a nursing perspective, as we learn to appreciate the experiences, values, and lives of patients and others in our community of knowledge, we can redesign our concept of nursing art and nursing science to continuously advance our knowledge, assisting us in our quest to serve patients to the best of our ability, in all aspects of their care.