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¶ … Republic of Ireland
The history of the Republic of Ireland is said by many to have begun with the Easter Rising of 1916. And it is true that, at the start of that momentous conflict between Ireland and England, the Irish Republic was declared by the self-proclaimed Provisional government. But a single event such as that was born in the planning, and in this case, it had it true effects in the aftermath. The personalities contributing to it, too, had a major impact on the birth of that nation. So, it might well be argued that the Easter Rising of 1916 got its start in about 1913, and culminated about 1917 or so...or even, to stretch a point, in 1921 when the War of Independence (the Black and Tan War) was over. (Timeline, 1995)
On April 24, 1916, 1,550 members of two Irish paramilitary groups, the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizens' Army, took control of important buildings in the center of Dublin and declared the landmass a republic, (Kennedy, 2000) separate from England and sovereign in its own right.
There had, of course, been Irish groups for more than a century trying to separate Ireland from English domination. In the run-up to the Rising, however, there had been agitation that might be considered part and parcel of it as...
Then, Canon Arthur Ryan, a parish priest, argued that "No man, whether he be Englishman, Frenchman, German or Irishman, is worthy of his country until he is ready to be an extremist in her cause and ready to die for her at her call. (McGee, 2001)
In 1914, there was what some have said was the last truly grand Manchester-martyr demonstration in Dublin. Groups which would later play a role in the Easter Rising all marched, including the Ancient Order of Hibernians (American Alliance), Cumann na mBan (a woman's auxiliary), the Irish Volunteers, the Irish Citizen Army and the Irish Transport Worker's Union. By the time of that march, Pearse and others had already begun planning a rising in Dublin for the relatively near future, perhaps all the more so as Dublin Castle, the seat of British domination in Ireland, had banned that Dublin march.
Padraig Pearse was one of a small handful of unusual men -- and one woman -- who can be credited in large part with the birth of the Republic of Ireland. Padraig Pearse, a leader of the Easter Rising, had, in fact, witnessed Ireland in what are known as the Manchester-martyr demonstrations in Dublin. Once held each year, the demonstrations commemorated the killing by the…
The British had most of the ordinary Irish on their side. But then they made the blunder that cost them, eventually, the land that would become the Republic of Ireland. Between the third and tenth of May 1916, they executed the rebel leaders including Pearse, Casement and James Connolly, who ha been wounded and had to be tied to a chair to be shot. (Neville, 2001)
While arguably most of the rebels were Roman Catholic, as opposed to the Protestantism of the British, that was not universally true. In fact, Connolly was both an agnostic, at best, and the leader of the Marxist Labor movement in Ireland. While it is not surprising that Pearse invoked the "Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Blessed Virgin" to sanctify the rebellion, it is surprising that the "general Catholic piety" extended to Connolly. When he was sentenced to death, he "accepted unreservedly the teaching and authority of the Catholic Church, asked for its sacred rites in preparation for his execution, and died in its communion' according to the Franciscan priest who visited him on the night before his execution. (Boyd, 1995)
Another member of the Easter Rising leadership was Eamon De Valera. His religion wasn't what made him unusual; it was his citizenship, which also kept him alive. Because he had been born in New York City, he was
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