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Moreover, it is important to recognize that while the scales may carry official names, they do not only measure the suggested disease. For example, the schizophrenia scale appears to measure the degree of alienation that a subject feels from society at large, a number that is going to vary depending on one's role in society. For example, one would expect a healthy minority member to have a higher score of on the schizophrenia scale because minorities are generally more disenfranchised from society at large. Therefore, the tool cannot be properly utilized if the testing clinician is lacking basic facts about the subject being tested.
Moreover, these scales test for a variety of different disorders. Because PTSD is a complex disease, it often co-presents with other disorders, like addiction and depression.
Conclusion
The MMPI-2 is a very complex test that sets out to evaluate whether patients fit into certain mental health categories. The test has good utility in some areas, and can certainly suggest an array of appropriate diagnosis and treatment options to a qualified clinician administering the test. However, because many people have financial or other incentives to try to fake a PTSD diagnosis, it should be used with caution...
While individual characteristics are always important in MMPI-2 diagnoses, a clinician may have a responsibility to probe and even investigate an individual's familiarity with the test and its qualifications before making a PTSD diagnosis using the MMPI-2 as the diagnostic tool. Furthermore, because PTSD evaluations are so frequently linked to disability determinations, the clinician has a heightened responsibility to ensure that a patient is being directed to appropriate care.
References
Greiffenstein, M.F., Baker, W.J., Axelrod, B., Peck, E.A., & Gervais, R. (Dec. 2004). The Fake
Bad Scale and MMPI-2 F-family in detection of implausible psychological trauma claims. Clin. Neuropsychol., 18(4): 573-90.
Kashdan, T.B., Elhai, J.D., & Frueh, B.C. (Sep. 2007). Anhedonia, emotional numbing, and symptom overreporting in male veterans with PTSD. Pers Individ Dif., 43(4), 725-735. Retrieved from PubMed database.
Marshall, M.S., & Bagby, R.M. (Dec. 2006). The incremental validity and clinical utility of the MMPI-2 infrequency posttraumatic stress disorder scale. Assessment, 13(4), 417-29.
Individuals scoring high on this scale are preoccupied about their health, tend to exaggerate symptoms, and are considered to be demanding and immature. Scoring high on this scale is associated with complaints of chronic pain, fatigue and weakness. Individuals scoring low on this scale are held to be: "Healthy, insightful, and optimistic" (MMPI, nd) Scale Two - Depression: This scale is used for assessing symptomatic depression exhibited as poor morale,
Personality Rating Attitude rating scale For each question, circle one that best matches your perspective: The state wide educational assessment will improve the levels of education. Definitely agree Agree iii. Disagree iv. Definitely disagree The state wide educational assessment and the goals are well understood by all the teachers within the state. Definitely agree Agree iii. Disagree iv. Definitely disagree The state wide educational assessment meets the dynamic contemporary needs of the students. Definitely agree Agree iii. Disagree iv. Definitely disagree The
At one point or another in our lives, we are all beginners. We begin college, a first job, a first love affair, and perhaps a first dissertation project. We bring a great deal to these new situations, including our temperament, previous education, and family situations. Yet, as adults, we also learn. In romantic relationships, couples report having to learn how to interact successfully with their partners. College students routinely report
& Naugle, A. (2008). Intimate partner violence theoretical considerations: Moving towards a contextual framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1096-1107. Eckhardt, C.; Jamison, T.R. & Watts, K. (2002). Anger Experience and Expression Among Male Dating Violence Perpetrators During Anger Arousal. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(10), 1102-1114. Eckhardt, C.; Samper, R. & Murphy, C. (2008). Anger disturbances among perpetrators of intimate partner violence: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of court-mandated treatment. Journal of Interpersonal
Clinical Psychology Dissertation - Dream Content as a Therapeutic Approach: Ego Gratification vs. Repressed Feelings An Abstract of a Dissertation Dream Content as a Therapeutic Approach: Ego Gratification vs. Repressed Feelings This study sets out to determine how dreams can be used in a therapeutic environment to discuss feelings from a dream, and how the therapist should engage the patient to discuss them to reveal the relevance of those feelings, in their present,