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¶ … persistent existence of sexual violence within the United States armed forces is a fact that has been long recognized by policymakers, military officials, health care professionals and the news media. The risk of exposure by women service members to sexual violence within the military is high and the PENs model will help to break down this issue systematically.
The VHA policies with regard to military sexual trauma represents a uniquely comprehensive set of health care responses to military sexual trauma. Results have attested to the success of universal screening. The health literature regarding military sexual trauma will be particularly important and will guide them to help both male and female veterans overcome the traumas of war.
We will see that vocational training helps the service members overcome military sex trauma through regained confidence and self-esteem.
Military Sex Trauma
Perceptions
In the article by Carter and Leach on Military sexual trauma (MST), it was found that it can cause mental...
In this way, the perception of oppression is beyond just men and extends to women in the military as well. It can influence behavior as well as the ability to work with others. MST encompasses a wide array of unwanted sexual attentions from gender harassment to more serious sexual coercion/gang rape and sexual assaults in the U.S. . The victims perceive that they can not go past the crisis and that no one understands them . Among military service members there has been a general perception that false reports of incidents of military sexual trauma are common
(Carter & Leach, 2011, 33).
Enablers
Often those present in the U.S. military culture among servicements is the idea that mission comes first. Therefore, when a military service member accuses a perpetrator in the same militaryunit, it is often for the accuser to be considered to be disloyal to their unit. Military values of selfless service, come into play. Courage, respect, honor, discipline and a refusal to accept defeat…
Works Cited
Carter, J., & Leach, J. (2011). Veterans, military sexual trauma and ptsd: Rehabilitation planning implications. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 42(2), 33- 40.
Relationship Challenges -- Family Communication Issues The high divorce rate in the United States (and elsewhere in Western nations) is one indication as to the fact that good communication -- or any communication at all -- is absent from relationships. Certainly there are always challenges to any relationship, but couples should be going into marriage and long-term relationships with the understanding that they will have challenges and without training or background
Relationships and expectations form one of the three main domains of the PEN-3 model. These three factors, perceptions, enablers, and nurturers, refer to the cultural component of health-seeking behaviors. The relationships and expectations domain can inform healthcare workers about how to encourage health-seeking behaviors in patients, and is a culturally sensitive approach. The PEN-3 concept shows how culture is a major determinant of both individual and public health. Perceptions refer to
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