Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
The fourth step is to perform the relevant statistical test and acquire a test statistic along with its p or probability value (Iyanaga & Kawada, 1980). The fifth and final step involves making a decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis based on the test statistic. If the p value is less than the pre-determined level of significance, you would reject the null hypothesis (Voelz 2006).
The role of confidence intervals in hypothesis testing is such that if the confidence interval (which is an interval within which the researcher has a specific degree of confidence that the population parameter of concern exists) does not contain the mean of the null hypothesis distribution then the result is significant (Aron, Coups & Aron 2011 p. 191). The confidence interval then provides limits within which one expects to find the mean or statistical value that is related to the null hypothesis.
The student T-test is used to assess whether the means of two groups are in fact statistically different. Many different types of T-test are employed in hypothesis testing. There is the single sample T-test, where a sample mean is compared to a known population mean with the intent of determining whether the sample has come from that population. There is also the T-test for independent and dependent means. These all test a basic hypothesis that the means of the two groups are different.
The inherent weakness associated with engaging in multiple T-test's for many groups, is that the error associated with each round of testing increases the likelihood of getting a false positive. To compensate for that weakness statisticians utilize Analysis of Variance or ANOVA. ANOVA assesses the hypothesis that there is a difference between groups and unlike the T-test requires only on round of testing for...
When ANOVA is used for hypothesis testing, the researcher is able to determine that there is a difference between the groups but does not know which groups are different.
When the researcher is concerned about the relationship between two variables linear correlation is used to measure the relationship and assess whether it is significant. Linear correlation and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation in particular requires that the relationship between the variables be described by a straight line. The hypothesis that is tested is concerned with the change in the dependent variable producing change in the independent. So that the researcher is aware of how closely associated the variables are. In regression on the other hand while the variables are associated; the change in the dependent variable can be predicted by change in the independent variable. Thus, regression analysis is predictive and it is possible to determine the quantum of change in the dependent variable to be observed by a unit of change in the independent variable.
References
Aron Arthur, Coups Elliot J. & Aron Elaine N. Statistics for the behavioral and social sciences:
A brief course. New York NY Prentice Hall: 2011.
Iyanaga, S. And Kawada, Y. (Eds.). "Statistical Estimation and Statistical Hypothesis Testing."
Appendix a, Table 23 in Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics. Cambridge, MA:
25, 2011 from http://health.adelaide.edu.au/publichealth/staff/ASCIEB_Chapter3.pdf
Voelz, Vincent a. Hypothesis Testing Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/~vvoelz/lectures/hypotesting.pdf
The questions on legal liability issues were minimal as the field of legal issues is new in nursing. The questions addressed a theoretical part regarding the legal liability issues. They were no need of clarification since the questionnaires were easy and self -- administrative. Although the researcher was there for assistance but telephonically. 1.7. Data analysis In this chapter, the analysis is discussed in detail. Data was collected by means of
Programming Management Testing Code Basically, systems and applications are being developed to facilitate the traditional manual process. It is essential, therefore, that they must conform in the designed functionalities and specifications to effectively serve their purpose. Code testing is a critical element to this procedure to ensure that systems function well and that they meet user-requirements. Manual Manual code testing involves evaluation and assessment of program codes through manual process, whether the functionalities match those
instructional design models, including elements defining ways traditional methods encourage learner involvement. References required. A peer reviewed journal article, textbooks, and current journal articles credible websites. Discuss the various instructional design models, including elements defining ways in which traditional methods encourage learner involvement. The foundational instructional design model is called the 'ADDIE' model: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. During the analysis (planning) phase, the designer identifies the "learning problem, the
Only 32.6% of Black households own a computer, compared to 65.6% among Asian-Americans, 55.7% among Whites, and 33.7% among Hispanics. Similarly, only 23.5% of Black households have Internet access compared to 56.8% among Asian-Americans, 46.1% among Whites, and 23.6% among Hispanics" (p. 31). This so-called "digital divide" gap, though, between the "information haves" and the "information have-nots" continues to shrink and more and more young people are using these
1.0. Operational Readiness Testing (ORT) 2.0. Overall Objective The overall objective will in this case be the attainment of 90% to 100% on the first day of ORT. 3.0. Other Objectives · Avoid mistakes that frustrated our attainment of 90% to 100% mark during the last year. · Have in place a robust system that supports our overall objective. 4.0. Key Deliverables Implement the schedule in good time so as to ensure that we have fair understanding
" (2003) Furthermore, it is related that the study of Valencia, Valenquela, Sloan and Foley (2001) suggest that "inferior schools are the cause of historically minority student failure, and in promoting accountability, proponents are treating the symptom of school failure rather than the cause." (Flores and Clark, 2003) it is additionally stated in the work of Flores and Clark (2003) that "current literature abounds with evidence that the Texas' state-mandated test