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With this shift in focus a number of changes to Chinese management can be expected. The paternalistic approach will remain, as it is part of Chinese culture, but there will be further Western influences, particularly with respect to the desire outcomes of management behavior.
In their efforts to serve business, the Chinese government will inevitably work harder to attract foreign investment and to allow business to set the terms by which they can seek investors. This will shift the desired outcomes of management behavior towards those sought by a wider range of investors, both domestic and foreign. Asia Aluminum provides an example of this, as foreign investor outcry over the bond scandal forced the company to consider other options. Management at that point realized the influence that the foreign investor community had over its operations -- the outcry had caused the municipal government that backed the bond buyback offer to withdraw its support (Santini, 2009). Management is now faced with more difficult decisions including a total restructuring of the company, which had been operating unprofitably. This shows how Chinese management and corporate governance has been changed by the increase in foreign listing as Western governance standards were implemented against the wishes of the Chinese company's management. As more Chinese companies are free to seek international investing, they too will find themselves faced with adherence to both Western and Chinese standards of governance and management.
As state domination in many sectors of the Chinese economy lessens, Beijing still maintains strong influence over the yuan, which is on a managed float system. There is little impetus at present for a move towards a free float, but with government involvement in private economic enterprise lessening, that trend will eventually be applied to the currency as well. The implications for Chinese companies of such a move would be dramatic. They would then be forced to compete even more intensely on the basis of efficiency and quality, having lost the competitive advantage their exchange rate currently gives them.
Conclusion
As China continues with its economic reforms, there is a continuous impact on management and on corporate governance. In some ways private enterprise -- particularly those firms that are partially privatized, such as the 2/3 firms -- operates with shareholders as surrogates for the role that the government once played. Yet the fully private companies are developing an entirely new style of management. Upcoming reforms promise to bring the fully private companies into the same realm and subject to the same laws...
This will change the dynamic of managers who have until now been motivated almost entirely by the need to generate retained earnings. Thus, management in China is being pulled in different directions by the needs of government, private enterprise and foreign investors. Ultimately, management and governance in China will settle on a system that is very much a socialist market system with Chinese characteristics.
Works Cited:
Gang, Fan. (2005). China is a Private Sector Economy. Business Week. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_34/b3948478.htm
Zhu, Cherrie Jiuhua. (2005). Human Resource Management in China. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://books.google.com/books?id=mOBwfLzp7boC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=china+management+economic+reform&source=bl&ots=NRJMQ-pIY-&sig=rIgeR5smWqFufALsTdK5P8AHZxY&hl=en&ei=uHktSuLtHo6fsgb2m6meDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10
Green, Stephen. (2003). 'Two-thirds privatization': How China's listed companies are -- finally -- privatizing. Royal Institute of International Affairs. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISN&fileid=0C55BCE1-85E3-F567-3F79-E6B47296364E&lng=en
Foley, John & Beales, Richard. (2009). A Hard Lesson for Foreign Investors in China. New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/02/business/worldbusiness/02iht-views03.1.20523651.html
Tsui, Anne S., Hui Wang, Katherine Xin, Lihua Zhang, P.P. Fu. (2004) Variation of Leadership Styles Among Chinese CEO's. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 33, No. 1, pgs. 5-20,
Yi, Zhong. (2006). The Shareholders' Rights -- Revision and Explanation on China Law Article 4. China Business Law. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.lawcase.org/archives/node/66
No author. (2009). Chinese enterprises are 70% private. Chinaview.cn/Xinhua. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/21/content_11228390.htm
Gregory, Neil & Tenev, Stoyan. (1999). The Financing of Private Enterprise in China. Finance & Development. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/03/gregory.htm
Santini, Laura. (2009). Asia Aluminum Pulls Buyback. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 9, 2009 from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123720641518940621.html
Green, Stephen. (2006). How Long is the Dragon's Claw? HSBC. Retrieved June 9, 2009 from http://www.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_S5/content/assets/news/061009_soas_stephen_green.pdf
Works Cited:
Gang, Fan. (2005). China is a Private Sector Economy. Business Week. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_34/b3948478.htm
Zhu, Cherrie Jiuhua. (2005). Human Resource Management in China. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://books.google.com/books?id=mOBwfLzp7boC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=china+management+economic+reform&source=bl&ots=NRJMQ-pIY-&sig=rIgeR5smWqFufALsTdK5P8AHZxY&hl=en&ei=uHktSuLtHo6fsgb2m6meDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10
Green, Stephen. (2003). 'Two-thirds privatization': How China's listed companies are -- finally -- privatizing. Royal Institute of International Affairs. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISN&fileid=0C55BCE1-85E3-F567-3F79-E6B47296364E&lng=en
Foley, John & Beales, Richard. (2009). A Hard Lesson for Foreign Investors in China. New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/02/business/worldbusiness/02iht-views03.1.20523651.html
Yi, Zhong. (2006). The Shareholders' Rights -- Revision and Explanation on China Law Article 4. China Business Law. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.lawcase.org/archives/node/66
No author. (2009). Chinese enterprises are 70% private. Chinaview.cn/Xinhua. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/21/content_11228390.htm
Gregory, Neil & Tenev, Stoyan. (1999). The Financing of Private Enterprise in China. Finance & Development. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/03/gregory.htm
Santini, Laura. (2009). Asia Aluminum Pulls Buyback. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 9, 2009 from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123720641518940621.html
Green, Stephen. (2006). How Long is the Dragon's Claw? HSBC. Retrieved June 9, 2009 from http://www.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_S5/content/assets/news/061009_soas_stephen_green.pdf
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