Likewise, McCain (2003) reports that, "The United States is a dog-loving nation. The American Veterinary Medical Association says about 36% of U.S. households own dogs, compared with 31% that own cats. The most popular breeds, the American Kennel Club says, are Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and German shepherds" (2). According to the Southwest Boston Dog Owners' Group (2007), "The number of licensed dogs in Boston is 8,500; Animal Control

History of Discrimination Discrimination and prejudiced feelings and opinions against Native Americans stems back to colonial times, when colonists and living practices as well as governance policies did not adequately value "the culture, history and knowledge of the American Indians" (Koppelman & Goodhart, 2003:86). Colonists rarely acknowledged the indigenous peoples living in America when they first arrived. Many considered Native Americans to be savages, or people that were less than human

Black Elk utilizes his visions to create understanding of nearly all things he is later exposed to. The discussion in closing will further illuminate his utilization of vision, to ask for help for his people in a time of crisis. To discuss the vertical model of artistic communication it is difficult to narrow the filed to just one example, as Native American literature, and to a lesser degree film have