Analyzing Week 3 Review Worksheet

ABC/123 Version X Week 3 Review Worksheet PSY/203 Version Week 3 Review Worksheet Multiple Choice Highlight the correct answer. Angelica wants to win the beauty contest because she wants the trophy and the recognition. She is extrinsically motivated. intrinsically avoidance extrinsically situationally Maslow believed that all human beings strive to become self-actualized great people self-actualized goal oriented achievement oriented James-Lange theory postulates that bodily reactions occur before the emotions and Cannon-Bard theory postulates that both the bodily reactions and emotions occur at the same time.

Cannon -- Bard theory; James -- Lange theory James -- Lange theory; Two factor theory James -- Lange theory; Cannon -- Bard theory Emotional intelligence; Dual Pathway Model of Fear Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage emotions effectively in a variety of situations. Emotional intelligence Emotional resilience Emotional stability 1. Mental toughness 1. Erik Erickson believed that the process in which we handle specific psychosocial crises shapes our personality development throughout the lifespan. 1. Sigmund Freud 1. Erik Erickson 1. Jean Piaget 1. Albert Bandura 1.

Children tend to view the world based on their personal perspectives. The term for this is egocentrism 1. centration 1. egocentrism 1. ego identity 1. narcissism 1. Jean Piaget developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world. 1. Jean Piaget 1. Albert Bandera 1. Erik Erikson 1. Lev Vygotsky 1. Lev Vygotsky theorized that children learn through the process of interacting with different types of people in their culture and daily lives. 1. Jean Piaget 1. Albert Bandera 1. Erik Erikson 1. Lev Vygotsky 1.

Erikson believed one of the biggest challenges people face in late adulthood is their ability to maintain their self-efficacy as they approach the end of their life. 1. sense of self 1. ego identity 1. ego integrity 1. self-efficacy 1. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the life crisis stage when people develop close relations with others? Intimacy versus isolation 1. Identity versus role diffusion 1. Intimacy versus isolation 1. Generativity versus stagnation 1. Integrity versus despair 1. Need A state of deprivation or deficiency 1. Drive A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst 1.

Incentives Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to do something 1. Achievement Motivation The motive or desire to become successful 1. Extrinsic Motivation The desire to earn wealth or respect of others 1. Intrinsic Motivation Achieving self-satisfaction by completing a particular goal 1. Emotions Feeling states that psychologist view as having cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components 1. James-Lange theory The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of the physiological responses to the triggering stimuli 1. Cannon-Bard theory The belief that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously 1.

Schema A mental framework for understanding or acting on the environment 1. Adaptation The process of adjustment that enables people to function more effectively in meeting the demands they face in the environment 1. Assimilation The process of incorporating new objects or situations into existing schemas 1. Accommodation The process of creating new schemas or modify existing ones to account for new objects and experiences 1. Object Permanence The recognition that objects continue to exist even if they disappear from view 1. Egocentrism The tendency to see the world from one's own perspective 1.

Ego identity The attainment of a psychological sense of knowing oneself and one's direction in life 1. Identity crisis A stressful period of self-evaluation on issues relating to personal values and one's direction in life 1. Erik Erikson Theorist focused on the social relationships that humans have throughout their life 1. Jean Piaget Theorist who developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world 1. Lawrence Kohlberg Theorist who developed a stage theory on how moral decision making changes throughout the lifespan.

Short Answer Outline the theories of motivation from the text. Major motivational theories include Maslow's need hierarchy, Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, McClelland's three-needs or earned needs theory, and Alderfer's ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) theory. Developed by Abraham Maslow, the need hierarchy theory suggests that needs of an individual exist in hierarchical structure, and comprise of physiological (basic) needs, safety needs, belongingness/love, esteem, and self-actualization. Behavior is motivated by unsatisfied needs.

Hence, needs lower in the hierarchy (i.e., physiological and safety needs) need to be met first, before motivation for those upper in the hierarchy (i.e., self-actualization, belongingness, and esteem) arises. Alderfer proposed that needs may be categorized into three groups namely: existence, growth and relatedness. Alderfer's ERG model is different from the one put forward by Maslow as its assumptions do not include the notion that needs of a lower-level have to be satisfied completely prior to motivation for upper-level ones.

Further, Alderfer's theory indicates that if a person continually fails in meeting needs of the upper levels, he/she will regress, with lower-level needs becoming the main determinants of motivation. McClelland's motivational theory suggests that culture is the source from which people learn needs. Three key needs put forward by McClelland are: power, affiliation, and achievement. The key hypothesis of this theory is, when any one need is powerful enough in an individual, it can motivate behavior, resulting in need satisfaction.

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model maintains that meeting lower-level (hygiene) needs doesn't inspire people to exert efforts; rather, it only puts them off from experiencing dissatisfaction. Only if motivators (higher-level needs) are, individuals are motivated. How do the theories of emotion differ from one another? 1. Bard and Cannon's theory: This theory's underlying concept is that physiological or emotional reactions to the stimuli that trigger them take place nearly simultaneously. 1. Lange and James' theory: This theory's underlying concept is that emotions arise after awareness of a person's physiological reactions to stimuli. 1.

The above two theories may be considered basically similar in the sense that both incorporate the very same three elements; however, they differ in the way they deal with the time of occurrence of stimuli and emotion. Outline the main components of each theory of development. Psychoanalytic Theories -- according to these theories, personality is progressively shaped as a person progresses through different stages, resolving conflicts unique to individual stages. 1.

Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Developmental Stages -- This model comprises of five stages, with each governed by sensitivity development in a certain pleasure-giving or erogenous area of the human body. Every stage poses its own distinctive conflict, which has to be resolved in order for the individual to progress to the subsequent stage. Unsuccessful conflict resolution results in fixation, that is, the tendency of remaining at a certain stage. 1.

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Stages -- This model comprises of eight stages, with each confronting a person with a great conflict which needs to be resolved effectively for healthy development to take place, following the principle of epigenesis. Behavioral Theory -- This deals with individuals' behavior, namely, what people actually say and do. 1. Behavior is segregated into units known as responses, while the environment is segregated into stimuli. The theory stresses two kinds of learning, operant and classical conditioning, with reinforcement being a major concept in the former kind.