Aleinikoff, T. (2014). Between National and Postnational: Membership in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 110-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554795
This paper focuses on the 'postnational viewpoint' to the American notion of sovereignty and membership. The author defines what postnational viewpoint is and explains it means the view that a universal model of membership is replacing national citizenship and is doing so because it is anchored within deterritorialized concepts of persons' rights. Essentially this means there is a respect for global human rights norms leading to a "deterritorialized membership." This is important to consider when comparing the states of prisons in Russia and the United States because the rights of prisoners may reach a form of universal expression in that everyone gets treated in a way that people deem appropriate regardless of location.
Kennedy, S., Sharapova, S., Beasley, D., & Hsia, J. (2016). Cigarette Smoking Among Inmates by Race/Ethnicity: Impact of Excluding African-American Young Adult Men from National Prevalence Estimates. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(suppl 1), S73-S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv157
This article details the prevalence of cigarette smoking among incarcerated adults citing the quantity being twice as much as the non-incarcerated population. Interestingly, whites were shown in the study to smoke more than their black counterparts. This study shows an important facet of the prison system in relation to health and stress. White prison adult prison inmates are more likely to smoke than any other prison population group. Although exclusion of incarcerated black men could result in a minor underestimation, the smoking prevalence signals a need for smoking cessation support among those incarnated in American prisons and other correctional facilities.
Listwan, S., Sullivan, C., Agnew, R., Cullen, F., & Colvin, M. (2013)....
The Pains of Imprisonment Revisited: The Impact of Strain on Inmate Recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 30(1), 144-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2011.597772
The United States need reform in its prison systems. This article explains how imprisonment in American prisons leads to increasing subsequent levels of offending. Drawing from GST, or general strain theory, the study analyzes whether exposure to such strains related with imprisonment has an effect on recidivism. Such strain includes perception of a menacing prison environment, direct victimization, and antagonistic relationships with correctional officers. The data collected from 1,613 release inmates located in Ohio showed consistency with general strain theory suggesting certain kinds of strains increase the chances of recidivism and reveals that painful prisons do not reduce offending, but rather, encourages.
Maschi, T., & Ronald H. Aday, R. (2014). The Social Determinants of Health and Justice and the Aging in Prison Crisis: A Call for Human Rights Action. International Journal of Social Work, 1(1), 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v1i1.4914
This paper focuses on the increasing presence of aging prisoners in current prison populations. It also highlights America's ever expanding number of prisoners and remark's on the United States having the biggest incarceration rate per capita. Not only have the number of prisoners increased in recent years in the United States, but also the number of aging prisoners. Conditions such as overcrowding are apparent in several prisons and correctional facilities. The paper reveals promising practices and case studies that may assist in coordinating efforts to address the aging in prison crisis as well as the overcrowding experienced in the American prison system.
Moran, D. (2012). Prisoner reintegration and the stigma of prison time inscribed on the body. Punishment & Society, 14(5),…
