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Aleinikoff, T. (2014). Between National and Postnational: Membership in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 110-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554795
This paper focuses on the 'postnational viewpoint' to the American notion of sovereignty and membership. The author defines what postnational viewpoint is and explains it means the view that a universal model of membership is replacing national citizenship and is doing so because it is anchored within deterritorialized concepts of persons' rights. Essentially this means there is a respect for global human rights norms leading to a "deterritorialized membership." This is important to consider when comparing the states of prisons in Russia and the United States because the rights of prisoners may reach a form of universal expression in that everyone gets treated in a way that people deem appropriate regardless of location.
Kennedy, S., Sharapova, S., Beasley, D., & Hsia, J. (2016). Cigarette Smoking Among Inmates by Race/Ethnicity: Impact of Excluding African-American Young Adult Men from National Prevalence Estimates. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(suppl 1), S73-S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv157
This article details the prevalence of cigarette smoking among incarcerated adults citing the quantity being twice as much as the non-incarcerated population. Interestingly, whites were shown in the study to smoke more than their black counterparts. This study shows an important facet of the prison system in relation to health and stress. White prison adult prison inmates are more likely to smoke than any other prison population group. Although exclusion of incarcerated black men could result in a minor underestimation, the smoking prevalence signals a need for smoking cessation support among those incarnated in American prisons and other correctional facilities.
Listwan, S., Sullivan, C., Agnew, R., Cullen, F., & Colvin, M. (2013)....
The Pains of Imprisonment Revisited: The Impact of Strain on Inmate Recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 30(1), 144-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2011.597772
The United States need reform in its prison systems. This article explains how imprisonment in American prisons leads to increasing subsequent levels of offending. Drawing from GST, or general strain theory, the study analyzes whether exposure to such strains related with imprisonment has an effect on recidivism. Such strain includes perception of a menacing prison environment, direct victimization, and antagonistic relationships with correctional officers. The data collected from 1,613 release inmates located in Ohio showed consistency with general strain theory suggesting certain kinds of strains increase the chances of recidivism and reveals that painful prisons do not reduce offending, but rather, encourages.
Maschi, T., & Ronald H. Aday, R. (2014). The Social Determinants of Health and Justice and the Aging in Prison Crisis: A Call for Human Rights Action. International Journal of Social Work, 1(1), 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v1i1.4914
This paper focuses on the increasing presence of aging prisoners in current prison populations. It also highlights America's ever expanding number of prisoners and remark's on the United States having the biggest incarceration rate per capita. Not only have the number of prisoners increased in recent years in the United States, but also the number of aging prisoners. Conditions such as overcrowding are apparent in several prisons and correctional facilities. The paper reveals promising practices and case studies that may assist in coordinating efforts to address the aging in prison crisis as well as the overcrowding experienced in the American prison system.
Moran, D. (2012). Prisoner reintegration and the stigma of prison time inscribed on the body. Punishment & Society, 14(5),…
This article shares the extent of prison conditions in an American prison named Pelican Bay State Prison in California. July 1, 2011, prisoners there started a sustained hunger strike. The reason being the majority of them were kept in complete solitary confinement, experiencing conditions considered torturous like extreme sensory deprivation for over five years. Some were kept in isolation for two decades. They asked for basic things during their strike like a phone call once a week, warm clothes to go outside in, supply of decent food, and a chance at escaping solitary confinement. {risons like this show how bad the American prison system can be.
Sarang, A., Platt, L., Vyshemirskaya, I., & Rhodes, T. (2016). Prisons as a source of tuberculosis in Russia. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 12(1), 45-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2014-0022
This study examines the poor conditions of Russian prisons that leads to a prevalence of tuberculosis. They analyze the poor prevention, treatment, and management of tuberculosis through collecting data from qualitative interviews with participants that are former medical specialists and prisoners in the region of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. They also show aside from poor management of tuberculosis infection; HIV infection are poorly managed revealing a poor prison health system in Russia. The study highlights the need for reform of the health system as well as the most common serious infections in Russian prisons. The most common being Tuberculosis and HIV.
Prison Reduction of Prison Population Current impact Population affected Government Policies. Effectiveness of Policies Efficacy of the strategies This paper highlights the prison system and relates multiple factors to it. It gives a brief background of the topic and then describes the U.S. crises of prison system. In addition to this, it highlights various factors related to the prison population of Indiana. After that, this paper focuses on the present situation of the prison system and then
Role and Evolution of the American Prison System Explain the Primary Role and Evolution of the American Prison System and Determine if Incarceration Reduces Crime The United States constitution is the fundamental foundation of the American criminal justice system. Given that the document is now over two hundred years old, it constantly experiences numerous amendments and interpretations. As a result, the criminal justice system over the years experienced alterations in order
Public Safety Administration Challenges; Annotated Bibliography Cook, C. (September 1, 2012). The Challenges and Opportunities for Public Safety Communications: The Adams County Case Study. Silicon Flatirons Center On the 23rd of September in the year 2011, scholars, law professionals and members of public safety communications industry were brought together by the Silicon Flatirons Center to discuss issues that faced the industry in the 21st century, both in terms of benefits and challenges
However, with this mandatory sentence comes seemingly excessive punishments for being afflicted with a real disease. These types of solutions to the drug problem in the United States fail entirely to grasp drug problems as a real medical issue and therefore throw out medical treatment over punitive punishment, (Nadelmann 2007). Not to mention many of these programs go only so far, failing to provide the support and structure many
Sex offender (sex-related transgressor, sex abuser or even sex-related abuser) is an individual that has actually dedicated a sex criminal offense or in some circumstances also plain public peeing (MSNBC, 2007). Just what comprises a sex criminal activity varies by society and lawful territory. A number of territories assemble their regulations in to areas, such as traffic, attack and sex-related. Most of pronounced guilty sex transgressors have convictions for criminal
CIV S-90-0520 LKK JFM P, 2009 WL 2430820 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 4, 2009). (2010). Harvard Law Review, 123(3), p.752-759. This article discusses the civil rights case Coleman v. Schwarzenegger wherein the plaintiff sued California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger for unconstitutional prison conditions. The lawsuit was examined in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA). The court ruled that authorities should