¶ … Sports Psychology and the self-Esteem of high school football players. Sports psychology: Annotated bibliography

Cox, R.H., & Yoo, H.S. (1995). Playing position and psychological skill in American football.

Journal of Sport Behavior, 18(3), 183

The Journal of Sports Behavior is a peer-reviewed journal focused upon research in sports psychology and its articles are not directed towards a popular audience. According to Cox & Yoo (1995) in this early study of the sports psychology and football, not only do different players of different sports share distinct psychological features: even within the sport of football, a players' position and his or her personality dimensions can often be quite unique. The authors begin with a literature review of previous studies which used the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) and yielded the finding that "successful linemen were more organized, predictable, and practical than successful backfield players. Successful defensive backs were reported to be decidedly more introverted than other categories of successful players, whereas successful defensive linemen were decidedly more extroverted" (Cox & Yoo 1995).

The authors interviewed 43 members of a large Division 1 Midwest collegiate American football team and assessed them using the Psychological Ills Inventory for Sports (PSIS R-5). They too found marked differences between players' psychology particularly between linesmen and backfield players. "The observation that backfield players exhibit superior psychological skills when compared to linesmen may partially be explained by their mental preparation for competition. An assignment error on the line of scrimmage may result in no gain for the offense or some gain for the opposing offense, but it doesn't necessarily mean a large loss or...

Backfield players exhibited notably less anxiety and greater presence of mind than other players. This article is relevant to my research topic because it underlines the effects of self-esteem in a player's ability to excel at a particular position.
Long, D., Perry, C., Unruh, S.A., Lewis, N., & Stanek-Krogstrand, K. (2011). Personal food systems of male collegiate football players: A grounded theory investigation. Journal of Athletic Training, 46(6), 688-95

This peer-reviewed article from a kinesiology journal aimed an academic audience addresses food issues and body issues as manifested in male Division II college football players. This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to determine what motivates players to eat healthfully or unhealthfully. Food choice influences included "the physical and social environments, quality, quantity, perceived healthfulness, and convenience" (Long 2011). Data collection involved qualitative interviews with 15 NCAA Division II football players. A variety of positions were surveyed. Athletes were able to identify healthy foods that supported their performance including "lean meats, fruits, and vegetables as preferred choices" versus fast food (Long 2011). The most common reason cited for avoiding fast food was to improve athletic performance. Athletes were also cost-conscious and reported selecting specific types of brands over others based upon price, at times at the expense of nutrition. Athletes also complained that it was time-consuming to eat properly.

Overall, this study shows that athletes had a relatively positive view of their bodies and wished to fuel them properly. There was no sense of negative body image in regards to food consumption, as is often reported with non-athletes or persons who…