Quality of Life Measures
Quality of life is measured using a variety of surveys. The most common of these surveys is the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), which measures several categories of physical functioning, as well as containing a Mental Health Component (MCS). Another commonly used quality of life measure is the Dutch RAND-36. Masala, etl al (2012) used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study as well as the SF-36. The van Ginneken et al. (2010) study employed the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP-68), Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in addition to the RAND-36. Those that did use interventions generally relied on exercise and diet interventions involving counseling coupled with food and exercise diaries. Roi et al. (2011) used cardiovascular and strengthening exercises on the stationary bike. The van Ginneken et al. (2010) study used supervised exercise training plus counseling for 12 weeks.
Physical Activities Measures
Physical activity is measured with a number of self-assessment and objective tools including peak oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry, walking distance in a timed exercise, "isokinetic muscle strength of knee extensors, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness," and severity of fatigue (van Ginneken, et al., 2007, p. 345). Masala et al. (2012) used the Metabolic Equivalent (MET), which measures amount of time spent in physical activity, expressed in minutes per week. Van den Berg-Emons (2006) relied on additional measures such as the Activity Monitor (AM), and the Fatigue Severity Scale.
3. Intervention
4. Summaries
All the studies point to prior literature showing that liver transplant recipients experience poorer quality of life, measured on standardized evaluated surveys such as the RAND-36 and the SF-36. Van den Berg-Emons et al. (2006) found, however, that there was no statistically significant difference between the transplantation group and the non-transplantation group in terms of levels of physical activity reported, and suggest that fatigue and quality of life are more closely connected with the amount of activity performed. Moreover, all studies note that liver transplantation has the potential to reduce rates of physical activity, which compounds the low quality of life. Based on this evidence, several of the studies employ interventions that are designed to increase physical activity and improve diet. Van Ginneken, et al. (2007), Masala, et al. (2012), Rongies et al. (2011), and Van Den…
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is genetically inherited through a defective gene, which results in the body producing "abnormally thick and sticky fluid, called mucus. This mucus builds up in the breathing passages of the lungs and in the pancreas, the organ that helps to break down and absorb food." (PubMed Health, 2011) Reports state that millions of Americans carry the defective Cystic Fibrosis gene however; most do not have any symptoms since
Nursing Case and Care Plan William Smith is a 68-year-old man who was transferred to the Palliative Care ward from a surgical ward three days ago. The patient was admitted on January 26, 2013 for removal of a sacral abscess that had been a source of a lot of pain to him. Following his surgery, his future management was evaluated and it was decided that he would be transferred to the
Nature of the ProblemPurpose of the ProjectBackground and Significance of the Problem Brain Development Specific Activities to engage students Data-Driven Instruction Community Component of Education Research QuestionsDefinition of TermsMethodology and Procedures Discussion & ImplicationsConclusions & Application ntroduction The goal of present-day educational reformers is to produce students with "higher-order skills" who are able to think independently about the unfamiliar problems they will encounter in the information age, who have become "problem solvers" and have "learned how to learn,
The presence of cardiac enzymes in the blood often indicates myocardial necrosis. Medical experts generally view MI as one among acute coronary syndromes. Unstable angina and non-ST-elevation MI are among the syndromes. Statistics said that approximately 1.5 million cases come up each year. MI is a cardiovascular condition. About 12 million deaths worldwide each year are attributed to cardiovascular diseases as cause, according to the World Health Organization. These
Carollo, Caterina; Lo Presti, Rosalia & Caimi, Gregorino. "Wine, Diet and Arterial Hypertension." Angiology 58, no. 1 (Feb/Mar 2007): 92-96. Database online: Available from Academic Search Premier, ISSN: 0003-3197. Foodservice in the United States." (July 2007): 1-32. Database online: Available from Marketline. In Pictures: America's Most Obese Cities. (2007). Online. Available at http://visitlasvegas.com/getfile/2006Top25Questions.pdf?fileID=106[accessed 27 Mar 2008]. Las Vegas Restaurants: Moderate Costs. (2008). Online. Available at http://www.lasvegasrestaurants.com/price.cfm/price/3/Moderate[accessed 27 Mar 2008]. Obesity Rates Rise Throughout USA.
diseases i.e. lung cancer, childhood leukemia, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. In each explanation, I have included a definition of the disease, risk factors, treatments, prognosis, and prevention. Later, I have provided short literature reviews of four articles. Lung Cancer Lungs are those organs in the body that help the human beings to breathe i.e. inhale and exhale oxygen. Their primary function is to provide oxygen to every cell in the body.