Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
¶ … Asian women. There are three references used for this paper.
Asian women face a number of challenges in the workplace. It is important to look at how individualism-collectivism is a barrier to these women, and determine possible resolutions which can help them overcome this barrier.
Individualism-Collectivism
Of the "psychological dimensions that differentiate between individuals from different cultures, it is argued that the individualism-collectivism dimension is most relevant to vocational psychology (Leung, 2002)." Compared to the work values of individualism and self-direction which are seen in the United States, Asian communities exhibited work values that are "more collectivistic in orientation, such as altruism, tradition, and conformity. Parental and family expectations have always been salient factors in the career choice process for Asian women (Leung, 2002)."
Goals
Employees of Japanese businesses were asked to "rate their experiences of conflicts with their supervisors in terms of goals, tactics, and...
The findings indicated that the employees generally wanted to achieve collectivistic goals more strongly than individualistic goals. Fairness goals, however, thought to be more individualistic, increased confrontational tactics. Achievement of fairness goals significantly determined the employee's satisfaction with the outcomes of conflict, but collectivistic goals did not (Matsumoto, 1999)."
Management Positions
The "women's labor force participation rates in the Asian economics are ranked among the world's highest, however women's presence in the managerial ranks is less impressive, and their near absence from executive positions renders them almost invisible (Adler, 1993)."
It is felt this "underrepresentation and underutilization in management (Adler, 1993)" is due to the diverse "cultural and religious traditions in Asia. All Asian cultures are collective and familial with each expecting women to assume primary responsibility for the home and children (Adler, 1993)." The dominate religion of Confucianism which influences not only…
References
Adler, Nancy. (1993). Asian Women in Management. International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol.23, No.4. pp. 3-17.
Leung, S. Alvin. (01 March, 2002). Career counseling in Hong Kong: Meeting the social challenges. Career Development Quarterly.
Matsumoto, David. (1999). Culture and self: An empirical assessment of Markus and Kitayama's theory of independent and interdependent self-construals.
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, Chapter 2. pp. 289-310.
Asian Women Compare and Contrast rural and urban women in India Today According to Bumiller, "an estimated 95% of marriages are still arranged, including the majority of those among the educated middle class" (25-26) and while it may appear that there are great divides between the rurbal and urban women in India, when it comes to marriage, it is perhaps the one thing that makes them equal. Bumiller remarks in her book
The women are anticipated to spend 80% of her reproductive years in pregnancy and lactation. A latest study undertaken by the New Delhi-based Center for Science and the Environment of the small Himalayan village of Bemru revealed that child birth in majority of the instances happen in the cattle stable, as villagers consider that holy cows safeguard the mother and the newborn child from evil spirits. Childbirth is regarded
According to Korean-American comedian Margaret Cho, her first appearance on American television was one of the most devastating experiences of her life, rather than something positive and uplifting. Her sitcom All-American Girl was the first sitcom ever to depict an Asian-American family on screen. But Cho was not permitted to be her funny, raunchy self and the scripts were fully of stereotypes of Asian American people “Critics panned the show
Nonetheless, Lu sees some hope for transgressive representations of Asian women in media, particularly in those films which actively seek to explode stereotypes regarding Asian women not simply by fulfilling the desires of a white, patriarchal society but rather by demonstrating full-fledged, unique characters whose Asian and female identity is only one constituent part of their personality and whose expression is not limited to the roles prescribed for Asian
U.S. Women in 1930s-1940s Women's History and 19th Amendment On August 26, 1920, Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby quietly signed the Nineteenth Amendment into law. By guaranteeing all Americans the right to vote "irrespective of sex," the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment capped more than half a century's worth of struggle by finally recognizing a woman's right to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment was an important milestone in women's rights. However, the suffragettes who
Women in Corporate Professions The American workforce is increasingly reflecting the changing American demographic. "Minorities" like women and people of color are occupying more management and leadership positions in the business world and corporate America. Their presence has begun to trigger changes in how companies are managed and in the broader areas of corporate culture. However, in many ways, women in business continue to face unique problems because of their gender. This