However, that does not constitute an ethical orientation. Carr perceives that certain acts of deception may be rationalized by the business context, referring at multiple points to business as a game possessing its own unique set of rules. In order to function effectively within the context of this game, individuals that have a firmer grasp on such unspoken rules are likely to experience greater success. It is in this regard that the author compares business to the game of poker, in which players who succeed by balancing honesty with opportune acts of deception are not viewed as behaving immorally. Instead, it is understood that this is what is required in order to emerge as victorious. There is a set expectation amongst individuals with an understanding of the game that they will face such deception at points, and that the degree to which this can be detected will have a significant bearing on one's success. To Carr's view, this demonstrates that where contextual norms allow, ethicality can take on proportions distinct from...

Recent history denotes that the perception of entitlement toward deception amongst those who have achieved great heights of business success has promoted the type of rampant 'bluffing' that robs workers of their jobs, investors of the fortunes and everyday citizens of their pension plans. When the consequences of bluffing are thus, the comparison to the game of poker is particularly troubling. Where those who sit at the table recognize the stakes of that into which they have entered, the business world impacts far too many individuals who are involuntarily pulled into the game.
Works Cited:

Carr, A. (1968). Is Business Bluffing Ethical? Harvard Business Review, 46, 143-153.