10). and, Hubbard adds, "Not infrequently huge gas bubbles hurtle upward from the ocean bottom to burst with a roar and allow the separated waters to crash back into place, sending huge geysers into the air." Conclusion: There is much to be learned about the formation, age, and tectonic truths of ancient seafloor ridges like Bowers and Shirshov, but in this writer's opinion, the evidence points to those ridges having been formed by volcanic activity (hotspots and spreading) but at this time they are likely subduction zones.

Works Cited

Hubbard, Bernard R. "The Disappearing Island." The Saturday Evening Post. December 17, 1932. pp. 10-11, 50-52.

New Geology. "Shock Dynamics: Alaska." Retrieved May 4, 2008, at http://www.newgeology.us/presentation14.html.

"Viewing the Tectonic Evolution of the Kamchatka-Aleutian (KAT)
Connection With an Alaska Crustal Extrusion Perspective." In Volcanism and Subduction:

The Kamchatka Region, Eds. John Eichelberger, Evgenii Gordeev, Minoru Kasahara, Pavel

Izbekov, and Jonathan Lees. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, pp. 3-35.

Steinberger, Bernhard, & Giana, Carmen. "Plate-Tectonic reconstructions predict part of the Hawaiian hotspot track to be preserved in the Bering Sea." Geology 35.5 (2007): 407-410.

United States Geological Survey. "Shirshov Ridge Volcanic Belt (early Tertiary?) (Western

Bering Sea, unit czv)." Retrieved May 4, 2008, at http://pubs.usgs.gov.