Between 1225 and 1250 C.E., Notre Dame was extensively modified when the chapels were built into spaces between the buttresses and the transept arms were lengthened. Of course, it is Notre Dame's facade which draws the most attention, due to its verticality which makes Notre Dame one of the most satisfying and memorable structures in Gothic architecture. In conclusion, the talented men who designed these churches and cathedrals which always towered over the towns and cities below symbolize a great confidence in their faith, for they regarded these structures as the "real image of the City of God" (Demus, 2004, p. 113), perhaps as a form of heavenly Jerusalem in which they felt very privileged to have worked on earth as representatives of God's own majesty.

REFERENCES

Demus, Otto. (2004). Byzantine art and the west. New York: New York University Press.

Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain. (2006). Gothic art. New York: Abrams Academic Press.

Kubach, Hans Erich. (2005). Romanesque architecture. New York: Electra/Rizzoli...

ctra/Rizzoli Publishing.
IMAGE LINKS:

Hagia Sophia: http://www.dailyistanbultours.com/images/photo-gallery/hagia_sophia_1.jpg.

Church of Saint Vitale: http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rgrosser/germany / dka/sanvitale.jpg.

Church of Saint Apollinare:

http://www.fyms.de/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/The-6th-century-Byzantine-mosaic-in-the-apse-of-the-basilica-of-Sant-Apollinare-in-Classe-Ravenna-Italy.jpg.

Church of Saint Sernin:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Abside_et_clocher_de_St_Sernin.jpg.

Cathedral of Speyer: http://www.llcc.edu/Portals/82/Speyer%20cathedral.bmp.

Church of Saint Ambrogio: http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/santambrogio-milan-i181.jpg.

Church of Saint Denis: http://www.parisinfrance.co.uk/i/saintdenis.jpg.

Laon Cathedral: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/2880464.jpg.

Notre Dame: http://classes.maxwell.syr.edu/his311/images/NotreDameFacade.jpg.