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Though only one percent of the body's calcium exists outside of these structures, this one percent performs a variety of functions that keep the human body running smoothly. Many of the other vital functions that calcium performs are the result of its highly ionic nature (it has two fewer electrons than protons, resulting in Ca++ ions); this electric imbalance means it is very useful in moving certain nutrients through cell membranes through a variety of complex mechanisms (EVG 2010). This same ionic feature makes calcium important in nerve function as well, as it is through a movement of calcium in and out of nerve cells (along with the movement of other ionic elements, notably sodium and potassium) that an electric charge is created and sent from the brain to various parts of the body or vice versa (EVG 2010; Medline Plus 2010). Without calcium, then, the various parts of the body would be unable to communicate with each other and the result would be a chaotic mess -- not any kind of life worth living, if life could be sustained at all.
It is unlikely, however, that anyone could survive without...
It helps to regulate the heartbeat, which is of course vital to continued survival, and it is also a key ingredient in the blood clotting process, without which even the tiniest scratch could eventually lead to death through a loss of blood (EVG 2010). There also nutritive values to calcium that are not yet fully understood, such as the role that calcium plays in reducing cholesterol levels in the bloodstream and its function in assisting and regulating sleep (MedlinePlus 2010; EVG 2010). In all of these areas, calcium plays a truly vital role, and this is what makes it one of the most important elements in the body.
References
Essential Vitamin Guide. (2010). "Calcium and the human body." Accessed 8 November 2010. http://essentialvitaminsguide.com/41/calcium-and-the-human-body/
Food Mineral. (2010). "Calcium in human body." Accessed 8 November 2010. http://www.foodmineral.com/2008/05/calcium-in-human-body.html
MedlinePlus. (2010). "Calcium in the diet." Accessed 8 November 2010. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002412.htm
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