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Their membranes can be joined with the plasma membrane to deliver material into and out of the cell, and can be fused with other organelles to gather material for digestion, storage, or transport.
Cilia: Along with the flagella, the cilia are used to move the cell or to move material around the cell. They are tin, fingerlike protusions from the surface of the cell. Their name comes from the Latin for "eyelash."
Flagella: The flagella are tail-like structures that protrude from the surface of cells. With the cilia, they help to move the cell and to move debris and fluids around the cell. The name comes from the Latin word for "whip."
Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton refers to the interwoven protein filaments that provide rigidity to the cell wall and a stable base for the cilia and flagella.
Vacuole: Only found in plants, vacuoles are a type of vesicle used to store water, store nutrients, and break down complex molecules. They can be very large, and when full they help to provide structure to the cell.
Nucleolus: The nucleolus is a structure found within the nucleus. It is one of the few cellular structures not bound by a membrane. Its purpose is to create building...
This allows the genetic material of the cell to remain protected from the enzymatic processes in the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane disbands during mitosis to allow for the copying of genetic material, and then reforms.
Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the liquid within the cell membrane in which all of the chemical exchanges and processes happen. It contains all elements of the cell except the membrane, the cilia, and the flagella. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.
DNA / Chromatin: The genetic material of the cell, the DNA, is packaged in a dense fiber called chromatin. The chromatin engages with the tRNA to transmit instructions from the DNA to the organelles within the cytoplasm.
References
"Cell Biology and Microscopy." Molecular Expression. Florida State University. Web. Retrieved 2 Sept 2011 from http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/search/index.asp
"Cell and Molecular Biology." The British Society for Cell Biology. Web. Retrieved 3 Sept. 2011 from http://www.bscb.org/?url=softcell/index
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