¶ … changes could reduce the risk of overflow? The following design changes are frequently used:

System cleaning and maintenance

Reducing the inflow and infiltration through rehabilitation of the system and repairing the broken or leaking service lines.

Enlarging or upgrading the sewer, pump station, or sewage treatment plant reliability and/or capacity constructing wet weather storage and treatment facilities to treat over flows.

Communities should also address overflows during community planning of system. (Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Peak Flow)

A manufacturing process requires the application of a special, but highly hazardous, paint to protect metal from corrosion in the finished product. The engineering department proposes a poorly designed "engineering control" (a simple, portable box fan aimed to blow the vapors away from the painter and into the shop) for the application of this coating. Describe how a higher level of control could be achieved.

A higher level of control could use the stronger fan which is the Local exhaust ventilation that captures the polluted air at or near the source and directs it ('exhausts' it) outside. Local exhaust ventilation is more effective for toxic chemical pollutants and is also used for when substantial amounts of dusts or fumes are created; when there are few emission sources, and when emission sources approximate the workers' breathing zones. Local exhaust ventilation are made up of 'hoods' that capture the contaminant; ducts that transport the contaminant through the system; an air cleaning device (optional) that removes the contaminant from the air; fans that discharge the contaminant; exhaust stack though which the contaminant...

(Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety)
3- Provide 2 specific examples of the pre-work required before a behavior observation program can be successfully launched.

1. Each of the employees must be in on the program with employees and management colluding on goals. There is so since the program requires individual feedback from each employee and the observer conducting the program observes employees at work noting possible work hazards and safe behaviors.

2. There is clear specification of the goals and expectations of the program as well as data gathering on expectations. Expectations are clearly delineated and outlined between management and conductors of program. (Sulzer-Azaroff, online.)

4- Explain in words what the RPN means and how it can be used to help justify the required investment to control the hazard.

This is a Risk Priority Number. It is the derivative of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) which is a method for evaluating a work process. An FMEA identifies the probabilities of failure for each step in the process. Each failure mode receives a numeric score that identifies: (a) the probability that the failure will occur, (b) probability that the failure will not be detected, and (c) the amount of damage the failure mode may cause to worker or to equipment. The product of these three scores is the RPN.

5- One potential error source with FMEA is inter-rater reliability, or the likelihood of one person rating a risk significantly higher or lower than another person. What approaches could be used to reduce or eliminate this potential error source?

One possible approach could…