Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
" (Weinstein, 2003) This range is dependent upon the charges that are brought against the defendant in the criminal case as well as "some aspects of the conduct underlying the charges." (Weinstein, 2003) Judges are legally required to "impose a specific sentence is subject to the exercise of discretion in two areas" which are those of:
1) the judge makes the determination that the sentence must be within the Guideline range; and 2) in cases which involve downward departures where the sentence imposed may be below the applicable guidelines range. (Weinstein, 2003)
Judges are naturally sought by the public for the purpose of influencing the outcomes in cases which they preside over. And public opinion must surely, at least to some extent, and depending upon the ethics within the specific community, exert some influence upon the opinions and rulings of a judge in some cases. Just as well, the Judge cannot but help to feel pressure from the opinions of other political figures within the same state or county in which they serve. And as well, the employees of a Judge may oftentimes feel that the Judge has imposed too harsh a punishment upon a community member...
However, the bottom line for a judge in handing down decisions on cases are very much bound to interpretation of foregoing case law in similar cases and in federal and state sentencing guidelines that are imposed as a matter of law upon the judge often with no to little discretion. This is also true in other areas of law as well such as the Rule 32 Guidelines which have been set out in child support determinations in divorce and custody cases in domestic court.
Bibliography
O'Malley, T. (nd) Sentencing Values and Sentencing Structures. Judicial Studies Institute Journal. Vol. 203 No. 201. Online available at http://www.jsijournal.ie/html/Volume%203%20No.%201/3%5B1%5D_O'Malley_Sentencing%20Values%20and%20Sentencing%20Structures.pdf.
Weinstein, I. (2003) Fifteen years after the federal sentencing revolution: how mandatory minimums have undermined effective and just narcotics sentencing..(Perspectives on the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Mandatory Sentencing) 1 Jan 2003. American Criminal Law Review.
Criminal Justice Administration
Bibliography
O'Malley, T. (nd) Sentencing Values and Sentencing Structures. Judicial Studies Institute Journal. Vol. 203 No. 201. Online available at http://www.jsijournal.ie/html/Volume%203%20No.%201/3%5B1%5D_O'Malley_Sentencing%20Values%20and%20Sentencing%20Structures.pdf.
Weinstein, I. (2003) Fifteen years after the federal sentencing revolution: how mandatory minimums have undermined effective and just narcotics sentencing..(Perspectives on the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Mandatory Sentencing) 1 Jan 2003. American Criminal Law Review.
Criminal Justice Administration
Criminal justice administration mainly focuses on crime prevention and punishing any illegal activities. Criminal justice administration is wide and it entails law enforcement and the judicial administration. Some of the jobs that relate to criminal justice administration include; security coordination, juvenile delinquency administration, law enforcement and being a courtroom official. Additional crime is also part of criminal justice administration. This field entails terrorism prevention, immigration policies and social policies. Other
Richard Allen, the state's prisons commissioner, said Wednesday the change is meant to reduce overtime, and should save the state $3 million to $4 million a year. 'We don't have any choice about it,' Allen said. 'We've got to save money. We've got to do some things that are out of the box, and this is one of them'" (Diel 2008). Corrections officers have naturally protested this measure, citing
There should also be refresher courses given every year so that officers do not forget about their ethical responsibilities. It is important in the police arena that ethical behavior is top priority and that everyone is as ethical as they can be. Web Field Trip Tonry, M. (1997). Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/165043.pdf The article Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines is a very comprehensive guide to what intermediate sanctions
Criminal Justice: Challenges and Developments The criminal justice system in the United States, and indeed anywhere in the world, is a governmental tool to ensure the safety and security of the citizens of the country. Certain areas have however been considered in research to steer away from this goal. The public has for example lost a considerable amount of trust in the system as a result of apparent oppressive practices in
Criminal Justice Administration and TSA Selecting and Training TSA Inspectors Last year, the Department of Homeland Security (2010) released a publication entitled "Transportation Security Administration's Management Of Its Screening Workforce Training Program Can Be Improved." The publication recommended that TSA could improve management of its training program by "developing and documenting standard processes to: [1] Use Officer test results to evaluate training program results; [2] Assign on-the-job training responsibilities; and [3] Evaluate
Homeland Security and Criminal Justice Administration OPSEC and site security Importance of personal accountability at scene of incident Personnel accountability mechanisms are the most important in any rescue operations to ensure that rescuers strive to protect themselves and mandatory at emergency scenes. Moreover, this system helps track the rescuers' identification, their role and location during emergency. It also ensures only authorized personnel who are trained and have been provided with specific instruction are