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¶ … ethics and morality of Paul Taylor's view of the environment
One key ethical issue, contentious amongst environmentalists today as well as those activists who oppose the ethical philosophy of environmentalism, is whether environmentalism should be focused on improving the lot of the human animal on earth, or should attempt to benefit all species upon earth in an equal fashion. The philosopher Paul Taylor argues that environmental ethics should emphasize the interdependent nature all individual members of earth's biological community. He states that environmentalists should embrace the idea that no single species is superior to the others. However, although Paul Taylor's philosophy is commendable in its emotional intensity when he says, "we have a self-evident moral obligation to the individual members of the Earth's biotic community to protect and promote their good for their sake" (518), his philosophy of species equality is fundamentally flawed. Environmentalism is a human ideological construction. No species before has attempted to preserve the earth for the existence of other species, much less to recognize a "self-evident" moral obligation. Self-preservation must be the philosophy of the human animal, not a holistic philosophy that equalizes...
To embrace a lack of human superiority denies the value of the tools necessary to preserve the environment, such as intellect and connections amongst human members and nations of the international community.
First of all, rather than a naturalistic philosophy, where "each organism is a purposeful center of life," environmentalism itself is a constructed philosophy of human altruism, rather than a natural mental manifestation found in other species' minds present the animal kingdom. Historically, in nature, all animals have attempted to preserve their own young and own species, not the young of others. Apparent altruism, such as animals cleaning the backs of others, is taken out of a desire for food or shelter, not out of a sense of morality. Thus to posit the equitability of all species and all beings in theory is neither politically appealing to most humans, nor is it tenable to he instincts of the human animal or any other animal.
Thus, self-preservation is the natural impulse of the human species and must continue to be so. This does not mean that individuals should destroy the earth. Self-preservation can be a part of what Taylor calls "life-centered" environmental ethics (518). It is vitally necessary to…
other values Moral character, that is, having courage, being persistent, dismissing distractions and so on in pursuit of the goal. These are attempts to define ethics by describing actions, and fairly specific constellations of actions at that. Frederich Paulson, a 19th century philosopher of ethics, defined ethics as a science of moral duty (1899). Almost 100 years later, Swenson also used the concept of study in defining ethics, saying that it included
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Fosterfacts.net). Arguments For: In response to those allegations, Bill Mattos, the president of the California Poultry Federation, said that he had invited California Senate representatives to visit poultry farms -- and to see for themselves that allegations of inhumane treatment are not true -- but his offer was declined (Fitzenberger). "To me, it's propaganda disguised as research," Mattos said in response to the report the California state Senate Office of Research
interventionism from the perspective of realism vs. idealism. Realism is defined in relationship to states' national interests whereas idealism is defined in relation to the UN's Responsibility to Protect doctrine -- a doctrine heavily influenced by Western rhetoric over the past decade. By addressing the question of interventionism from this standpoint, by way of a case study of Libya and Syria, a picture of the realistic implications of "humanitarian