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A prototype system for cellular phone service was created by at&T and Bell in 1977. In 1978, this new system was put through public trials with more than two-thousand trial customers in the Chicago-area. The first actual commercial cellular telephone service was offered in Japan in 1979. The United States lagged a little behind, as they were still testing cellular systems in the Washington area in 1981. Finally, in 1982 the FCC authorized the establishment of commercial cellular telephone service in the United States. In 1983, the first commercial analog cellular telephone service in America was available in Chicago, under the name Ameritech. The popularity of cellular phone service skyrocketed through the 1980s, and subscribers to cellular telephone service exceeded one million by 1987.
This fast and dramatic increase in demand for cellular telephone technology necessitated changes within the system so that more cellular service users could be accommodated. There were three ways in which services could be improved upon: 1) increase the allocation of frequencies; 2) split cells already in existence; 3) overall improvement of the technology. Since the FCC was unwilling to allocate any more bandwidth, and splitting cells would have been cost-prohibitive, the FCC announced in 1987 that alternative cellular technologies could be developed that would utilize the 800 MHz band, and cellular service companies began to research and develop...
This body worked in conjunction with researchers and cellular service operators to establish new technological requirements and goals in the industry. The new service and products using new transmission technology were targeted for introduction I 1991. This new service featured a ten-fold increased in system capacity with both analog and digital transmission, as well as new technologies like fax and messaging.
Early 1991 saw the release of standard specifications by the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA). The first standard, known as TDMA IS-54 was established in early 1991. 1994 saw an FCC announcement that there would be allocation of a 1900 MHz band spectrum specifically for Personal Communications Services technology. Since 1991, there have been three major standards released: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA IS-136); Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA IS-95); and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). All three of these standards are in use today.
References
Bellis, M. (2007). Selling the cell phone. Retrieved 6/13/2007 at http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa070899.htm.
Farley, T. (2007). Privateline.com: mobile telephone history. Retrieved 6/13/2007 at http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.privateline.com/PCS/history.htm.
Also, there will be an availability of high quality audio and video that will render mobile phone a portable entertainment centre (Team Digit 2006). An operating system (OS) is the computer program which translates user input into instructions for the hardware components of a computer or other www.mahalo.comtechnological device. An OS provides a graphical interface through which a user can manage file systems, maintain hardware and install additional programs. At
All of these aspects increased the usage levels and acceptance of cell phones. Third generation or 3G technology refers essentially to the most recent technological innovations in cell phone technology. A distinction should be made however, in that 3G does not refer to a standard in cell phone development but rather to a number of requirements that networks and providers follow. (What is the History of Cell Phones?) the two
, 2006). The authors used "meta-analytic" techniques in this research; twenty-three studies were fed into the meta-analysis strategies and the outcome indicates that there are "clear costs" associated with driving and speaking on a cell phone simultaneously. The biggest "cost" (to driver safety) found through these analyses was "reaction time"; to a lesser degree, lane-keeping performance also carries with it a "cost" when using a cell phone and driving simultaneously. What
One of the technological advancements that have transformed modern communication is cell phones, which have become prevalent in today’s society. Cell phones have existed for more than 30 years and developed to become critical communication devices or tools. Since their inception, cell phones have evolved to become simple communication devices that act as personal assistants in our everyday lives. However, cell phones have continued to evolve over the years and
2012 Cell Phone and My Culture The rapid evolution of cellular phones since their popular inception in 1983, in which the devices have moved seamlessly from their starting point as extravagant luxury items to become ubiquitous status symbols, before emerging as indispensible tools for navigating today's modernized, interconnected existence, has been nothing short of extraordinary. For young people occupying the all-important consumer demographic covering Americans aged 18 through 24, who have
Fixed network stations (i.e. desktop computers) connect through a USB port adapter, while laptops generally employ a wireless PCMCIA card at a nominal cost. In the last few years, these pieces of equipment have been replaced by many laptop manufacturers with internal wireless capabilities included as standard equipment in higher-end laptops. Modern Wireless Networking Options and Recommendations: Modern wireless computer technology transmits data at 2.4GHzor 5 GHz, at 54mb/sec to 108mb/sec,