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ELEMENTS OF OPERATIONAL DESIGN
Elements of Operational Design
Operational art is the utilization of military forces to attain strategic goals via organization, design, conduct of strategies, integration, major operations, campaigns and battles. It aids commanders in effective and efficient utilization of resources to attain strategic goals and objectives. It ensures that war is a set of connected engagements based on relative attrition as a measure of failure or success. It requires the ability to anticipate, broad vision, and effective multinational and joint cooperation. It is adopted by JFCs, senior staff officers and subordinate commanders. The major elements of operational design include forces and functions, anticipation, leverage, culmination, operational reach and approach balance, simultaneity and depth, centers of gravity, synergy, timing and tempo, direct vs. indirect approach, arranging operations, decisive points and termination. Operational approach is an operational line used to achieve operational reach, which is the distance a military power can be decisively focused and deployed. Lines of operations (geographical designations) is a forces directional orientation in terms of space and time relative to the enemy. It links the force with its objectives and operation bases. On the other hand, lines of effort uses the purposes...
They include alliances, military forces, public support or national will, national strategy, or a set of critical functions or capabilities. COG is an important analytical tool used to design operations and campaigns. It helps commanders and staffs to assess enemy and friendly strength sources and weaknesses. Assessment of friendly and enemy COGs is a continuous procedure that takes place throughout an operation. The most direct path to winning a battle is neutralizing or destroy enemy COGs. However, center of gravity can change at any point during an operation, meaning it is not readily discernible or apparent. It takes detailed knowledge and proper understanding of how the enemy organizes, fights and makes decisions, including their psychological and physical strengths and weaknesses to determine enemy COGs (Reilley et al., 2012).
Therefore, military forces must be alert to conditions capable of causing change in COGs, to suitably adjust friendly operations. Enemy…
References
In Burke, R., In Fowler, M. W., & In McCaskey, K. (2018). Military strategy, joint operations, and airpower: An introduction.
MAJOR, C. H. A. S. J. S. M. I. T. H. (n.d.). Elements of operational design in the planning for the marianas campaign in 1944. Place of publication not identified: PICKLE PARTNERS PUBLISHIN.
Reilly, J. M., Air University (U.S.)., & Air University (U.S.). (2012). Operational design: Distilling clarity from complexity for decisive action. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air Force Research Institute, Air University Press.
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