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The introduction of a GIS system that is first defined through the development and implementation of the applications all based on defining and then re-designing the processes by which GIS systems users will be able to do their jobs more efficiently is at the center of the human factors associated with GIS systems. Commonly referred to as change management, human factors are the study of how processes can be made more efficiently by the selective development and integration of GIS systems-based components and applications.
At the center of the human factor of GIS systems development and implementation is the resistance to change that many of those who will ultimately benefit from the system show on a consistent basis. The fact that resistance and fear of change makes more GIS system implementations fail than any company or organization would care to admit underscores how critical of an issue this is for any organization looking to roll out a GIS system. Overcoming resistance to change is the greatest challenge of all in terms of the human factors if GIS system development and implementation. The tendency is for people to see a new system as a potential replacement of their role and the fear of their importance somehow being lessened or made less important dominates their minds. Overcoming the fear of change and attempting to lead those more affected and paradoxically with the most to gain from a new GIS system design and implementation is the foundation of change management theories used throughout organizations. Studies have shown that having a strong sense of ownership of the change being implemented is critical for acceptance of the proposed process and system changes at the job level. Another successful strategy companies rely on is stressing how everyone will be made more efficient and productive given the introduction of the new system. The role of senior manager and even Chief Executive officers (CEOs) is critical in this regard. If change is seen as impacting everyone equitably, resistance to change is greatly lessened and more is accomplished. Combining executive ownership and a strong sense of employees seeing how their jobs will be made more efficient with the new GIS system is critical for overcoming the fear that drives people to resist change that a new system brings. In addition to these strategies, its also critical for a company to concentrate on how the data being used on hw other system is performing permeate the culture of the company so that the early adopters of the system can be shown to be the "champions of change" specifically showing how their contributions led to greater success across the entire organization. Ultimately the human factors of GIS system development and implementation must focus on overcoming resistance to change by imparting high levels of ownership with those most affected.
Client server systems are a group of inter-related subsystems which collaborate together to provide a specific solution or service. This computing model structures diverse and distributed applications, which separates tasks between the providers (servers) and service seekers (clients). Keeping the purpose of this paper in view, the provider-server is the Geographical Informative System and the client is the U.S. government. This paper analyzes Geographical Informative System (GIS) as its client
Information system refers to the combination of software, infrastructure, hardware, and trained personnel in an organized manner with the aim of facilitating planning, control, decision-making, and coordination within the context of an organization. This indicates that information systems are vital components towards the achievement of the goals and objectives in the modern economies especially facilitating the aspect of international expansion and globalization. It is ideal to note that there are
Information Systems There are many ways in which Information Systems have revolutionized business in the 21st century. Most of these transformations center around two major paradigms: increase in technological power and the globalization of the marketplace. Essentially, Information Systems revolve around Information Technology -- a broad-based term that runs the gamut of acquiring, processing, storing and then disseminating information (Dunn, 2011). For many years, managers had access to data - sometimes
First, as Personal Trainer expands globally, the system will be available through web browsers anywhere in the world. Second, the ease of completing system upgrades across all users at the same time needs to be taken into consideration, and the use of the Web-based system architecture hosted on a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platform is critical. Third, by taking this approach Susan can b e assured there will be higher levels
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Knowing in advance the terrain, the vegetation, and the water sources prepares the mission teams with the knowledge to confront the elements associated with the geographical conditions of the site. Analysis provides information for determining in advance the best sites to set up base camps, where the terrain is less vulnerable to hostile advances. It demonstrates in advance how supplies will most efficiently and expeditiously be delivered to the