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¶ … REDD+ Threaten to Recentralize Forest Governance" by Phelps and colleagues examines the phenomenon of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) movement and how this trend might lead to a disturbing tendency of decentralized forest management. Ultimately Phelps and associates argue that in order for the proper balance to be achieved, communities need to have the ultimate control over the design of REDD+ and the exact manner in which it is implemented. Keeping control at the local level will ensure that the integrity of the environment is maintained in the present and in the years to come. Furthermore, Phelps and company are pushing for the optimization of REDD+ policies through more intensified research. Finding a sense of harmony is the ultimate option. "There is a tension between the urgency to reduce emissions and science-based REDD+ governance that could benefit millions of forest-dependent people and could reduce forest carbon emissions" (Phelps et al., 2010). Community involvement may help to thwart the elements which could lead to decentralization of this trend. Discovering the proper balance is something which is the order of the day when it comes to a range of environmental issue. For example, as Khan explains in his article, "What role for network governance in urban low carbon emissions?" By Jamil Khan is an article which describes how while many cities have been proactive about addressing climate change, the multi-level governance which occurs within major metropolitan...
However, network governance is not a perfect solution in this regard, and is actually something which can offer mixed consequences in regards to results and democratic legitimacy (Khan, 2012). As Khan found, "On the implications of network governance for urban low carbon transitions it is argued that while network governance can contribute to niche developments and innovation at the urban level, the elitist character of networks risks maintaining existing unsustainable patterns and defining possible urban futures in too narrow terms" (2012). Essentially this underscores the findings of Phelps and colleagues: when it comes to discovering the proper balance within this governance so that real changes are created, it takes a certain degree of give and take.
In fact, the paper, "Frontiers of Network Governance by Huppe and colleagues is essentially all about that type of governance when it comes to the environment and the necessary equilibrium that needs to be struck after all. All challenges present within network governance generally stem from issues related to complexity and to social capital (2012). As Huppe and colleagues explain, "Social capital is the fabric…
References
Betsill, M., & Bulkeley. (2004). Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance. International Studies Quarterly, 471 -- 493.
Busheley, B. (2012). Seeing the Communities for the Carbon:. Re-Considering Development.
Huppe, G., H., C., & Knoblach, D. (2012). The Frontiers of Networked Governance. The International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1-36.
Khan, J. (2012). What role for network governance in urban low carbon transitions? Journal of Cleaner Production, 133 -- 139.
In these constructs, the nation-state is seen as the outgrowth of global political arrangements, as global desires for money and power shape the globalizing world (Meyer et al., 1999). But the primary weakness in this paradigm is the fact that a globalized world constructed through political means would be just that, a globalized world, but not necessarily a global civil society. Indeed, such an organization would fail to meet
In this order of ideas then, he strives to come up with a theory that explains the construction of global networks, as well as the systems they use to grow and prosper. In order to make his case, Kendall looks at global structures constructed in various domains, including society and technology. He comes to the realization that global peace and order can only be achieved with the full cooperation and
Global Refugee Regime Seems to Be Veering Away From Traditional Rules As the threat of war looms large, the situation of those displaced because of violence and fights is becoming the focal point of talks amidst humanitarian groups. Many wrote about the situation in Afghanistan. The last many years have brought about quite a lot of enormous "refugee movements and humanitarian emergencies." More than 50 million people have been displaced by
For example, Shu-Acquaye (2007) cites the basic differences in the legal systems in various parts of the world as contributing to the different approaches to corporate governance. Likewise, Shu-Acquaye cites these differences and adds, "The American corporate governance system adheres to the idea of shareholder primacy. Because the United Kingdom, Austria, and Canada share a legal system based on English common law and equity principles, they are similar to
Network Security: Past, Present and Future The work of Curtin (2007) states that a network is defined as "any set of interlinking lines resembling a net, a network of roads -- an interconnected system, a network of alliances." Quite simply a computer network is a system of computers that are interconnected. There are seven layers of communication types identified by the International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model
Global Strategic Management Strengths Siemens has a number of key strengths that have allowed them to become one of the largest industrial conglomerates in the world. The first key strength is their focus on innovation. Siemens has always been driven be engineering, and their ability to produce not only better products but to continuously improve those products is one of the reasons for their continued success. The company has utilized innovation to