FBA and IDEA in Our School District
The functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is a method of solving a problem of student behavior by determining the cause of the problem and developing an intervention to address and correct it. It includes identifying the behavior that is the target and how it can be reached based on the information gathered about the student. Ideally, the entire school will participate in the process of addressing the issue, as each member of the school body brings a perspective and shared level of experience that can positively shape outcomes (Sugai et al., 2000). Likewise, based on the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendents (IDEA), the need to implement an IEP (individualized education program) is imperative and should be aligned with the FBA (Drasgow, Bradley, Shriner, 1999). This paper will provide the steps used by my school district to complete an FBA, review the IDEA criteria for the functional behavior assessment process and behavior intervention plan, note any gaps which should be addressed in the school district's plan, and recommend process revisions.
Our New Mexico school district completes the following steps in the functional behavior assessment (FBA) process:
First, the school must describe and define the target behavior using specific, clear terms that leave no room for doubt.
Second, the school must gather information...
Once the purpose of a challenging behavior is understood then educators can design a behavior support plan that includes instructional supports and strategies that aid the student to get what they need in a more socially suitable way. The FBA is a team effort that requires bringing together people who know the student well like the parents, teachers, counselors, and sometimes the student themselves. This team then identifies the
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Several assessment tools are available, often using data collection sheets that include items such as direct observation and interviews with adults who closely interact with the student. In Justin's case, this group could include Carrie, the paraprofessional who works directly with Justin, in addition to the special education teacher, the speech and language specialist, other teachers who regularly interact with Justin (e.g., art, physical education, music and media), and
The second step is to document and track the behavior through direct and indirect observation. This may mean creating a scatterplot (chart or grid) recording single events and their context to determine what situations are most likely to trigger the problematic behaviors (Direct and indirect measures, 2001, CECP). Another direct method to observe student behavior is with an Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) chart. The behavior can be further monitored indirectly through teacher
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