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¶ … ideographic tradition and seeks to focus on the insider's world and the meanings that are attached to behaviour. While this is a general view of qualitative studies each qualitative design has unique foci. Hudacek (2008) examined the concept of caring in the work of nurses using a phenomenological design. Phenomenology gives attention to the subjective social reality. It gives value to the individual experience of the actor even within highly structured organizations. It is through the everyday experiences that meaning is constructed. The use of phenomenology is therefore highly consistent with the attempt to understand the meaning of caring. The design and the stated purpose of the researcher are highly congruent. The researcher noted that the purpose of the study was to "describe the dimensions of caring." Phenomenology is useful for unearthing the individuals understanding of their own behavior and consequently the meaning they attach to particular actions.
Another reason the design is in harmony with the purpose of the study is identified by the author; there is a lack of narratives of nursing care. The nursing profession has an acute absence of stories that in their collective strength describe not only what nurses do but why. The "why" component is a critical aspect of the nursing profession. It determines how...
These stories take the profession beyond the job description and into meaning behind what is done. The most useful manner to accomplish this is through the use of a phenomenological approach. The introduction of the narratives of nurses is an attempt to fill a lacunae in the literature.
The data for this study was collected from a sample of two hundred nurses. Twenty-five percent of the sample can from nurses outside of the United States. The nurses were required to respond to an initial question which sort to evoke a caring story. The data then constituted the narrative mailed in by the nurses. The author notes that this approach allowed the nurses to think and consider deeply while responding. The method of data collection while useful has some important limitations that should be considered. There is little doubt that the nurses would recount a particular story and it would possibly be the one that stood out most in their mind. The author does not address the concern of memory decay or embellishments to the story. When people are asked to remember they are invariably asked recall experiences that the mind has processed and reprocessed. Recall and memory is highly flawed. The absence of any probing which would have accompanied an in…
The approach used to analyze the data supported the nature of the data. The data collected were a collection of narrative accounts of an event. The data were analyzed using the framework of existential phenomenology. This approach was drawn from the work of Giorgi (1985); the approach involved the reduction of the data into analytical categories through getting a "sense of the nurse's stories." Consequently the procedures consider the nature of the data and attempt to extract meaningful patterns from the set of stories. The underlying assumption is that across the data clear patterns will emerge because of the repetition of specific themes.
The data analysis procedures are also consistent with the phenomenological approach. This congruence is demonstrated by the quest for meaning within the data. There is an area of concern however and it is with the attempt to get a "sense" of what the stories mean. The actual meaning of this approach is not sufficiently documented by the author to provide the reader with the exact set of procedures that were enacted to get a sense. An examination of the text suggests that this was a judgment by the research team as to what was meant. If that is the case then this aspect of the analysis is not highly consistent with seeking meaning. This became necessary because the author was unable to determine from the participant exactly what the participant meant in such a case. Consequently, this step indicates that the limitation noted earlier is important since this design weakness created threats to the trustworthiness of the analysis.
The identification of meaning units by the author is a step that is very congruent with the phenomenological method. Meaning units appear to be coterminous with themes. A key component of qualitative work is the identification of patterns. While quantitative work identifies patterns statistically, qualitative work does the same using key words and the frequency of concept repetition. The meaning units them become critical
The metaphysical constructivists who are successful hardly take the truth of a substantive normative claim for granted. Transcendence In his phenomenological descriptions, Levinas used various accounts of transcendence to refer to the tradition and divergence of phenomenology in relation to Heidegger. His transcendences enacted the irreducible urge by oneself to get past the limitations of their social and physical states or conditions. Transcendence of the Other as described by Levinas is
Ethnography, case study, narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory Ethnography The qualitative research format of the ethnography began in the discipline of anthropology. Ethnography "is a long-term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion and, optimally, participation in that group" (Ethnography, 2013, Colorado State University Writing Guides.). The researcher embraces his or her outsider perspective and contrasts his or her own responses to participating in group rituals and
Intellectually my mind was saying: how could this happen in an open and public place with dozens of people walking in the area? There was also a sense of moral anger at the way that social rules and norms were being so openly being flouted. This feeling was strong and related to the physical sense of disgust and distress that I felt at the situation. Reciprocity The above aspects, the physical,
Social Theory in the View of Phenomenology: Alfred Schutz Who was Alfred Schutz, and why was his work on social theory and phenomenology so important? This is an important question that must be answered here, and will be answered, but there are other issues that must be examined as well. It is important to have an understanding of social theory and an understanding of phenomenology before Schutz is discussed too
Assignment 1 Phenomenological psychology focuses on the subjective experiences of individuals. The “founder” of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl presented a cohesive methodology and philosophical framework that laid the foundation for phenomenological psychology. One of the greatest challenges of phenomenological psychology is differentiating between the unique subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals and the need to discern an objective, shared reality. Phenomenological psychology is almost easier to define by what it is not:
Grounded theory and phenomenology Phenomenology and Grounded theory are the most widely recognized methodologies to qualitative research utilized by medical practitioners. Despite the fact that there are distinctions between the two, they have share much in common. Both assume an interpretivist strategy in which the researcher tries to investigate genuine scenarios, and require a high level of face-to-face interaction between the researcher and the group or individual being analyzed. This is