Namely, as acts of 'terrorism' are waged against the supposed enemy of Islam under the term "Jihad," Lippman considers this to be "the most overused and ill-understood word in contemporary Islam." (113) In a large respect, this is because geopolitical circumstances have created many defensive and militant segments of the global Muslim population. The exploitation of the term Jihad is one of the primary practices of those armed extremist groups postured in opposition to the west. Lippman's text provides some excellent insight in this regard, noting that Jihad is taken generally as a call to "holy war" but that this is a pointedly selective interpretation of its meaning. In actuality, the term means "utmost effort." (113) While Lippman does not preclude therefore the possibility of violence as being encompassed by the utmost effort in defense of Islam, the conflictive relationship between Islam and the colonizing...
The result is a focus in Lippman's text on the ways that Islam has attained its negative image in the west.
The world would now be required to accept socialism, Leninism, and eventually Stalinism, as part of the European landscape. With the defeat of Germany, Austro-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire; the shift in the balance of power moved toward the only major participant not devastated on its own soil by war -- the United States. The U.S. grew in economic power after Versailles, assisting not only its former allies in rebuilding,
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