Job attitudes and workplace engagement

¶ … Meta-Analysis Stages and Practices

(based on Figure 1, p. 307, Kirca & Yaprak, 2010)

The Causal Relation Between Job Attitudes and Performance:

A Meta-Analysis of Panel Studies

How Important Are Job Attitudes? Meta-Analytic Comparisons Of Integrative Behavioral Outcomes And Time Sequences

Formulate problem

Identify and read relevant theoretical and empirical articles

studies were utilized.

Contextual performance and focal performance were the two main factors on which the studies were based

Identify important, common variables, study, and measurement characteristics to assess

The two variables being studied were job attitudes and job performance

Job attitudes were linked to different factors that came under the category of contextual and focal performance

Identify contradictory findings

Decide on meta-analysis objectives

To fill the gap between the relationship of these two factors.

To fill the gap between the relationships of these two factors.

Develop preliminary theoretical framework

Job attitudes were defined as a person's affective and cognitive evaluation of their job.

Meta-analytic correlation matrix was used

2. Collect Data

Conduct key-word database searches

Search terms used were satisfaction, commitment, work or job organization.

Search terms were job satisfaction, absence, lateness, contextual and focal performance

Search references of key studies

The Databases studied were ABI/Inform, Business Source Premier, PsycINFO and Web of Science.

The Databases studied were ABI/Inform, Business Source Premier, PsycINFO and Web of Science.

Manually search relevant publications

Lists of studies including previous meta analysis, qualitative review on satisfaction, commitment, and performance were checked.

Lists of studies including previous meta analysis, qualitative review on satisfaction, commitment, and performance were checked.

Solicit studies from key researchers

Colleagues who searched this area were requested. Furthermore, a request for unpublished data through mailing list of German association of industrial and organization psychologists was also sent.

Previous studies were used

Post requests for articles and working papers on academic list-serves

A request for unpublished data was posted on the page of Society for Industries and Organizational Psychology.

Develop elimination criteria

Studies that took place in classrooms, sports teams or artificial environments were excluded.

Screen studies according to elimination criteria

Studies were reviewed based on the seven criteria's stated.

Two main criteria were discussed that were further divided into sub-categories

Decide whether data is sufficient to proceed with meta-analysis

16 studies were declared usable.

Number of studies was not mentioned

3. Evaluate Data

Identify common metrics across studies (e.g. correlation coefficient)

Single and joint correlations for commitment and satisfaction.

Correlations between different criteria, job satisfaction and job attitude

Identify key substantial and methodological study characteristics

This was not done in the study

This was not mentioned

Prepare coding form and manual

This was done

This was done

Code each study

This was done

This was done

Prepare database and check for errors

Hunter and Schmidt's chi test was used

Hunter and Schmidt's chi test was used

4. Analyze Data

Conduct univariate analysis of mean effect sizes

As mentioned above, analysis was done of the two job attitudes: commitment and satisfaction and of job satisfaction as well.

The analysis was bivariate

Search for moderators using bivariate analysis of effect sizes

Search for moderators using multivariate analysis of effect sizes

Construct and analyze the meta-analytical correlation matrix to test theory

This was carried out.

This was carried out

5. Interpret and discuss

Report univariate and bivariate findings using tables and figures

This was also done.

This was done

Make detailed recommendations for future research based on the findings

The recommendations were that more studies need to be done to figure out the causal relationship between the two variables.

Article 1 critique

Article Name: The Causal Relation Between Job Attitudes and Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Panel Studies

Critique

The author of this meta-analysis did put in a lot of effort for the collection of different studies. Both published and unpublished studies were included in this Meta analysis. First, electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished dissertation. Both of these electronic databases revolved around business and psychology subjects. Furthermore, studies were also taken from researches who were studying this area of interest. Requests were mailed and posted for researchers to provide their data on this topic. The inclusion criteria were quite strict and due to this reason, many studies were removed from this analysis. Many of the authors were contacted and inquired for the missing correlations. The studies were coded by a doctoral student and Michael Riketta into two categories.

One way that this meta-analysis could be improved is to take in consideration the economic conditions of when this study was carried out. Both job attitude and job performance are linked to the situation of the economy at that time. If a person is direly in need of money, their performance might be optimum even if he is not satisfied in his job. Furthermore, many people's attitude is affected by conditions in their families and home as well. The correlation of job attitude and job satisfaction involves many other moderators that should be examined in a matter way. The study collection and coding process was done with rigor but the inclusion criteria still needs more work. The inclusion criteria need to include certain psychosocial factors like the individual's relations with their friends or family. They also need to ensure that they were not going through any medical or psychological conditions that would affect their attitude in the work place.

Article 2 critique

Article Name: How Important Are Job Attitudes? Meta-Analytic Comparisons Of Integrative Behavioral Outcomes And Time Sequences

Critique