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Devices for the Future
Device Description
Brain controlled prosthetics that have been designed so well that they are almost natural, are the focus of this paper. These limbs enabled humans to figure out how to move them in similar ways as they would coordinate their own arm movements, and consequently get the prosthetics arms to actual functionality (Collinger, B. Wodlinger, Wang, Tyler-Kabara, & Weber, 2013). The research method constituted decoding and recording of motor cortical signals so as to present the participants in the research with the ability to coordinate approximately 10 DOFs with the prosthetic systems of the arm.
The Development Process
Micro-electrode arrays for capturing brain signals on record and establishing complex algorithms to decode natural processes and transforming them into commands for motors in prosthetic systems of the arm are set in process. Single element neural signals have been captured in human clinical patients by implanting a pair of intra-cortical arrays; microelectrodes (Blackrock Microsystems, Salt Lake City, UT) that constituted 96 electrode shanks. The 4x4 millimeter compositions were put in the motor cortex (MI) of the participants and lined percutaneously by use of a pair of head-mounted pedestals. By utilizing some preoperative functional...
The collective signals from the arrays facilitated for the synchronized recording of above 250 single units that were unique, and consequently processed immediately to eventually send signals to move the APL/JHU prosthetic limb.
Potential Markets, the Need for the Limbs and who Benefits
The aim of this project was to assist improve the quality of life of amputees from war. It was also to enhance their independence and functioning, to enable daily living activities and resuming service. DARPA started working on this project as a response to a high number of amputees and nervous system injuries that were recorded among members of the service. Significant upper extremity injuries and disabilities are a marked issue in the Department of Defense. Statistical data shows that there was approximately 6000 amputation of service members in the U.S. armed forces; cases between the years 2011. Two thirds of these amputations were those of the upper extremities (O'Donnell, 2012). Apart from amputees, the prosthetics in this revolutionary project is of great help…
References
Collinger, J., B. Wodlinger, J. D., Wang, W., Tyler-Kabara, E., & Weber, D. (2013). High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia. Lancet, 381(9866), 557-564.
Collinger, J., Kryger, M., Barbara, R., Betler, T., Bowsher, K., & Brown, E. (2014). Collaborative approach in the development of high-performance brain -- computer interfaces for a neuroprosthetic arm: translation from animal models to human control. Clin Transl Sci, 7, 52-59.
O'Donnell, F. (2012). Medical surveillance monthly report. Silver Spring, MD: Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center.
Robbin, A. M., Casebeer, W. D., Hein, A. M., Judy, J. W., Krotkov, E. P., Laabs, T. L., . . . Ling, G. S. (2015). DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain -- computer interface technologies. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 244, 52-67.
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