MILITARY vs. POLICE INTELLIGENCE Military Operations vs. Police Operations

What is the best way to gather intelligence?

Strengths and weaknesses of military operations and intelligence vs. police operations and intelligence

Although there are certain similarities between the organization of the military and the police in terms of their hierarchical natures and systems of control, their mentalities regarding intelligence-gathering are very different. This makes the sharing of intelligence all the more crucial between these two protective organizations. A comparison of the military mindset with the police mindset, suggests that law enforcement officials have much to learn from their military counterparts, even though it is not realistic to entirely transpose the military approach to that of police operations.

One obvious advantage the military has in terms of its intelligence and operational capabilities is its international focus. The military has trained specialist intelligence analysts with a specific background in the regions under scrutiny. These analysts also have fluency in the foreign language of the region. "The armed forces tend to have good programmes for developing linguists and seek to identify gaps in their cover of relevant languages. The use of reservists with particular language skills is another valuable advantage when a mission is in an area where the native language is not a 'world language'" (Gillvray n.d. 1). Understanding the language and culture of a high-risk area can make soliciting information far easier from locals and can make it easier to interpret information in general: what may appear to be innocuous in an U.S. context is not necessarily the case outside...

While police detectives "aim at meeting a specific legal standard -- 'probable cause,' for example, or 'beyond a reasonable doubt' or 'preponderance of evidence,'" the intention of military intelligence-gathering is to paint a more holistic picture of the situation (Berkowitz 2003). Evidence-gathering begins at a discrete point in time: "it depends on whether you want to start an investigation, put a suspect in jail or win a civil suit. Intelligence, on the other hand, rarely tries to prove anything; its main purpose is to inform officials and military commanders" (Berkowitz 2003). Intelligence gathering is a consistent process vs. The terminal and focused nature of an investigation. "Intelligence analysts -- one hopes -- go to work before a crisis; detectives usually go to work after a crime. Law enforcement agencies take their time and doggedly pursue as many leads as they can. Intelligence analysts usually operate against the clock" (Berkowitz 2003).
Intelligence agents constantly provide feedback to policy makers seeking to make the best decisions they can with the knowledge at their disposal -- they do not wait for an investigation to have 'enough' evidence to proceed to trial. The nature of the 'target' of military intelligence also tends to be different from the focus of police organizations. Terrorists and enemies of the United States are critically aware that they are being watched and thus are constantly altering their strategy to evade detection,…