Motivating Students to Learn: One of challenging and difficult tasks for teachers and parents is motivating students to complete their classes with a sense of pride, achievement and graduate with their peers. This task is particularly challenging for students who are have been unenthusiastic over time and those who are struggling. As a result of the lack of motivation and prevailing struggles, such students start to demonstrate learned helplessness. Learned helplessness

Debates can be formulated for and against with evidence presented that supports one side or the other. First written down, these arguments can then be presented in written and oral forms, thereby reinforcing English usage in two forms: written and oral (Walvoord, 1982). Further strategies for converting the teaching into a relevant exercise are by having students summarize and critique articles and drafts (Walvoord, 1982), and by using dyadic

(Fletcher & Crochiere, 2004) Motivation to Learn Motivation to learn can be defined as the degree of cognitive effort invested to achieve educational goals (Li, 2003). It can also be understood as the degree of "seriousness" with which a student attempts to address the commitments and targets school with the purpose of: a) master the knowledge and skills rather than and get away with doing the minimum, b) clearly verify the

Motivating the Adult Learner Being educated through conventional mode of educational process involving the classroom and teacher motivated approaches, adult learners are perceived as unreceptive learners. Society is characterized by more of adults in comparison to the youths and with more number of matured adults the society as a whole is visualized as more educated and exhibits variety of culture and racial milieu. In order to maintain the current status of

• Feeling lack of control because of too many rules and regulations of white institutions. • Fitting in at school may fail to be a priority. • Lack of positive interracial relationships before and during college. • Lack of parental support. (Arnold, 1999). 3. Main Factors Affecting Retention and Attrition Many of the central factors affecting retention and attrition have already been discussed above. As was referred to, preparation is a central factor that was found

Now we have examined two extremes in educational thought that have developed over the past century. Teacher centered and student centered philosophies differ significantly in their approach to the student-teacher relationship. Teacher centered philosophy does not depend on the student's wants and needs at all. Teacher centered philosophy uses antiquated methods, such as rote learning. However, these methods are quickly being replaced by a more student-centered approach. Student centered approaches