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Negative Feedback Loops
The human body constantly attempts to maintain homeostasis, a term which means "same state." Homeostasis maintains a constant state of balance in the body even when there are large changes in external elements like temperature and food intake. The body will try to maintain blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate and blood glucose levels around a normal range. These systems are maintained by negative feedback loops. Any change from the normal triggers the negative feedback loops, by which the body tries to avoid large deviation from the norm. Think of a negative feedback loop like changing the temperature in a house. When it is cold outside, the thermostat, which represents the normal homeostatic loops in the body, responds by turning on the furnace. When the temperature reaches the set point, the thermostat turns the heater off until the temperature falls below a set level. Like the thermostat, the negative feedback loop requires a receptor, a control center and effectors. When humans try to lose weight, the negative feedback loop may come into play, especially if caloric intake drops below a point where caloric intake in less than the body needs to function effectively. Many times, people who lose weight on very low calorie diets gain it back again due to a resetting of homeostatic mechanisms to a lower than normal value. This reduction in the body's metabolic rate is an attempt by the body to avoid starvation. After the initial weight loss, patients find they gain weight back, even at the lower caloric intake level, simply because a change in the metabolic set point. Some patients may be able to overcome the metabolism by effective levels of exercise, since the metabolism responds to exercise by providing energy for muscle work based on expenditure needs rather than reduced intake.
It is unlikely that humans are genetically predisposed to metabolic set point reduction. While obesity and weight problems often run in families, no studies to date have associated this issue with genetic problems, except in the very rare cases of congenital abnormality. Rather, it is more likely that patterns of eating, exercise and diet are learned behaviors and this is the cause of similar feedback loops within families as are related to weight loss.
Organizational Retention Work motivation theories can provide some insight into the issues at JC's Casino. One with explanatory power is Maslow's hierarchy (Huitt, 2007). This hierarchy explains human needs as beginning with the most basic ones, needed to sustain life, and moving up to higher order needs such as self-fulfillment and belonging. The issue with the dealers in particular can be understood here. The dealers are paid better at JCs, but
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, 2005). In addition, the workload on clinicians is often increased past the point of reasonable because it is too intrusive and time consuming to document patient encounters during clinic time (Grabenbauer, Skinner, and Windle, 2011). The amount of information that can accumulate in a patient's record from multiple sources can be daunting and lead to information overload. CDS alerts can be so common that clinicians begin to ignore them.
Tristan HarrisTristan Harris makes the point that everything in our world has been downgraded as a result of our technology addiction�our attention spans, our empathy, our sense of truth, of having a common connection with others. Because of technology, smart phones, social media, and infinite scrolling, our self-control has been obliterated and we no longer know when to stop.In \\\"Transforming the Attention Economy,\\\" Harris argues that technology companies are using