Pathophysiology What Is a Functional

Pathophysiology What is a functional end artery? Right Coronary Artery: Transports blood containing oxygen to the right atrium and the ventricles. Under it is the Posterior Descending Artery, which facilitates the supply of blood with oxygen to the lower side of the septum and the left ventricle. Left Main Coronary Artery: Transports blood to the left upper downward artery and the left diacritic divided into Left Anterior Descending Artery and Left Circumflex Artery.

The former is used to supply blood with oxygen to the upper region of the septum, the walls of the atrium and the left atrium. On the other hand, the latter supplies oxygen to the ramparts of the left atrium and ventricles. Functional end artery: refers to an artery whose terminal branches connect with those of neighboring arteries; the degree of anastomoses is ineffectual to maintain the viability of the tissue supplied in the event where occlusion of the artery occurs.

State the pathological condition that probably pre-existed in the coronary artery, and discuss the contribution that endothelium may make to its development. The condition could be coronary thrombosis that causes the coronary artery to become narrow. This is attributed to the accumulation of fatty layers on the endothelium, thus increasing its overall thickness while reducing the effective area of coronary vessels. 3. What sensory nerves occur in the ventricle, and why is cardiac pain sometimes experienced in the arms as well as the chest.

Sensory nerve terminals (neurites) situated in the ventricles are associated with myelinated and unmyelinated afferent axons. These axons cause the cardiopulmonary nerves and vagosympathetic complexes to interlink with afferent cell bodies in nodose ganglia bilaterally. This explains why cardiac pain is occasionally in the arms and the upper body area. 4. How is it possible for the left ventricle myocardium to be ischemic when the left ventricle is full of richly oxygenated blood? There are situations where the myocardial oxygen requirements exceed the ability of coronary artery to supply this oxygen.

In other words, the myocardial oxygen supply is inadequate to meet the myocardial oxygen demands. This mismatch is normally attributed to the chronically narrowed coronary artery due to thrombosis, coronary spasm, or both. The implication of narrowing is that blood flow to the myocardium is impeded thus leading to the condition described as ischemic. Therefore, occurrence of this condition in the left ventricle is because of impeded oxygen blood flow rather than oxygen content per cubic millimeter of blood (Mann, 2010). 5.

Draw a normal ECG wave pattern and show how it relates to the action potentials of cardiac muscle cells. What causes the delay between the P. wave and QRS complex? The delay between P. wave and QRS complex is attributed to the pause that causes the transmission of electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles to take longer than expected. 6.

What is a ventricular ectopic or estrasystole, what area its effect on stroke volume, and what might cause an extrasystole? Extrasystole refers to the additional beat, or contraction, which causes an interruption in the standard rhythm of the heart rate, which is normally regular. It is caused by electrical discharge originating from other places of the heart rather than the normal sino-atrial node. 7.

Are there any dangers in abruptly restoring blood flow to a tissue that has been ischemic for a long time? It is dangerous to restore blood supply abruptly to a tissue that has been ischemic.