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A phase change is what occurs when matter moves from one of these states to the other. The melting of ice into liquid water, for instance, constitutes a phase change, just as the boiling of water into invisible water vapor, or the condensing of gaseous water vapor in the air into liquid water on a cool windowpane or glass of water, are also phase changes.
Phase changes generally require a great deal of energy, especially when considered to the relative to the specific heat of the matter at hand (Nave 2005). The specific heat is the amount of energy that is required to increase the temperature of a given unit of mass by one degree Celsius, but during a phase change most substances (which tend to have constant specific heats within a given phase of matter) require far more energy to be applied, stopping all change in temperature until the phase change is complete, at which point the temperature of the matter will continue to rise under the application of energy (Nave 2005)....
This is why a mixture of ice water stays as cold as the ice until al of the ice has melted; the system of a glass of ice water maintains an equilibrium of temperature until the phase change of ice into liquid water is completed.
References
Nave, C. (2005). "Hyperphysics." Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy. Accessed 29 September 2009. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/HFrame.html
Physics.org. (2009). The Institute of Physics. Accessed 29 September 2009. http://www.physics.org/
Physics Classroom. (2009). Accessed 29 September 2009. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/index.cfm
Weisstein, E. (2009). "Eric Weisstein's World of Physics." Wolfram Research. Accessed 29 September 2009. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/
Zimmerman-Jones, a. (2009). "Physics: Basic Concepts." Accessed 29 September 2009. http://physics.about.com/od/physics101thebasics/p/PhysicsLaws.htm
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