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Post-Partum Issues -- Effects on Child Development
A peer-reviewed article in the journal Child Psychiatry and Human Development points out in the Abstract that there is a strong association between "maternal psychological distress and infant outcomes" (Kingston, et al., 2012, p. 683). In fact the article asserts that indeed, parental distress -- in particular postpartum depression and related health issues -- can have "…an adverse effect on cognitive, behavioral, and psychomotor development" in infants (children) (Kingston, 683). In order to more fully understand the dynamics of postpartum depression and its impact on infants as they grow, the authors conducted a "systematic review" of existing empirical studies that assessed how infant development is impacted by psychological distress in five aspects of infant development. Those five aspects include: global, cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional and psychomotor (Kingston, 683). This paper critiques and reviews what the authors discovered in their research.
Global Index of Developmental Components
The studies used by the researchers were published between January 1, 1990, and August 10, 2010. Two independent reviewers (in addition to the authors' research) were employed in order to make objective, critical appraisals. A total of 17,792 studies related to postpartum issues were discovered, and among those, 18 had outcomes related to infants. A total of 1,264 of the studies assessed; a) the effect of "prenatal trait anxiety" in...
In fact Slykerman reported that mothers with "high parenting stress" had more than "twice the odds" of experiencing developmental delay in their infants (Kingston, 689). Another finding (by Punamaki, et al.) revealed that some prenatal anxiety in the second trimester was linked to "poor neonatal health," which then in turn contributed to some developmental issues (Kingston, 689).
Infant Cognitive Development
Of the research articles that were reviewed, seven longitudinal studies evaluated how prenatal and postpartum "distress" impacted cognitive development in infants. Among infants studied whose mothers were distressed postpartum, 34% had cognitive delay (Kingston, 696). But only 7% of infants from mothers that were not distressed postpartum showed signs of cognitive development delay; and also, when PPD occurs two to three months after giving birth, the research "…was associated with poor functioning on a cognitive object task test in 9-month-old infants. Not surprisingly,…
Works Cited
Kingston, D., Tough, S., and Whitfield, H. (2012). Prenatal and Postpartum Maternal
Psychological Distress and Infant Development: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry
and Human Development, 43(5), 683-714.
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