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Self-esteem is defined as a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value (Cherry, 2016). Self-esteem has been established to have a connection with well-being, happiness, and even stress. Higher self-esteem, and this relationship is a two-way street. Higher levels of self-esteem help individuals to deflect stress in their lives. They manage stress better when self-esteem is higher, and minor stressors are less likely to become major ones. However, there is also evidence that stress can influence one's level of self-esteem. Stress factors can challenge a person, and in doing that can even challenge their sense of self. When things start to go wrong, self-esteem can be reduced. There is evidence from college students that stress has a negative influence on self-esteem (Hudd et al., 2000).
Stress affects many other facets of our lives as well. Because stress activates particular responses in our brain, especially the "fight or flight" response, it causes us to act in ways that can have an impact on our relationships. Partners, friends, and acquaintances might perceive this tension, and conflict may be more likely when stress is higher. But stress can also influence our values. The fight or flight problem when...
Other considerations are not as important. If fight or flight do not fit in with who we really are, then these values will conflict with our own personal values. In situations like that, the stress has had a negative impact on our values.
It can be difficult to determine a meaningful purpose in life at the best of times, and under situations of stress such grander, existential matters can simply cease to exist. We are not even interested in meaningfulness when under severe stress. Minor stressors can challenge our notions of why we are here, and for what purpose, especially when those stressors trigger fear of failure.
I perceive that there are differences between beliefs, attitudes and values. Beliefs are things that we hold to be true. These are not necessarily verifiable, but they are subject to change if we are presented with evidence or argument that shows our beliefs are incorrect. Still, beliefs can be quite central to our identity, and may be hard to change. Attitudes are more like opinions that we have; they are less certain than beliefs in general, and may not be about important issues.…
References
Cherry, K. (2016). What is self-esteem? About.com. Retrieved April 17, 2016 from http://psychology.about.com/od/sindex/f/what-is-self-esteem.htm
Hudd, S., Dumlao, J., Sager, D., Murray, D., Phan, E. & Soukas, N. (2000). Stress at college: Effects on health habits, health status and self-esteem. College Student Journal. Vol. 34 (2) 217.
Step Up Program (2016). Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model. StepUpProgram.org. Retrieved April 17, 2016 from http://stepupprogram.org/docs/handouts/STEPUP_Stages_of_Change.pdf
At this stage, the patient plans to make positive changes within one month. The staff needs to reinforce the ideal that the patient has what it will take to succeed (Walker, Greene, & Mansell, 2006). Rewarding small initial steps is an important part of helping patients in this stage of development. The next stage is the action phase, which usually lasts for 3-6 months (Prochaska & DeClemente, 1982). During this
This is because of the constant information on the effects of smoking in relation to health conditions. This stage illustrates on the essence of quitting smoking without the crucial plan by smokers (Aveyard et al., 2008). Preparation During this third stage, it is vital for the individual engaging in smoking behavior to adopt an effective plan towards transforming the behavior. The individual must prepare mental and psychologically for the adoption and
In that sense, Wilkoff (1995, as cited by Weick & Quinn, 1999) reports on her attempts to intervene between two companies that had fused together in an unsuccessful mergence. The actors of the various companies persistently disagreed due to cultural differences in mindset, whereupon the consultant, recognizing this, changed her strategy. She began meeting with each actor separately and explaining the other's performance from his or her particular cultural assumptions.
Stages of Change Model: 43-year-old Smoker The first stage of the Transtheoretical Stages of Change model is that of pre-contemplation, in which the client is still not fully committed to the need to taking action to make a necessary change. In the case of a 43-year-old smoker who began smoking in childhood, the smoker may be reluctant to commit to change because of a history of failed attempts. At this stage,
Although they think about the negative aspects of their bad habit and the positives associated with giving it up (or reducing), they may doubt that the long-term benefits associated with quitting will outweigh the short-term costs" (Kern 2008). The man may justify not taking drugs by saying: "what if they don't work? I will have to put up with side effects, and may still die only I will be
Smoking Cessation Health Belief Model According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2012) smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. It is estimated that there are more than 43 million adults who currently smoke in the United States. Of these 53% are men and 47% are women. Tobacco use is responsible for causing many diseases and reducing the health of smokers in general. The adverse effects of smoking