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¶ … budget analyst guided by control concerns takes a more conservative view of the budget, and is likely to put forward conservative guidelines for the budget. These create a stronger form of control, and provide a basis for management to beat the budget. This is because the financial control aspect of budgeting is based on setting realistic benchmarks, and setting budgets in a way that forces management to be efficient. Management is more likely to take an approach that sets budgets higher. Management likely has a preference for having more resources at their disposal, and less tight control on activities. This is not because management does not want to succeed, but management does have an interest in working with a greater amount of resources.
Unit 3. There do not need to be opportunity costs associated with addressing control concerns…unless you specifically choose to blow off planning priorities or program management issues. The budgeting process should incorporate controls at all times, not just once in a while -- that defeats the purpose of the controls. A budgeting team worth its paycheck...
As for management concerns about expenditure policy, strategic planning goals and objectives…what about them? What about is not exactly a clear question. Without knowing what these concerns are, how can I comment about them?
Unit 4. Different budgeting orientations are likely to lead to different budget outcomes. Orientations are underlying inputs that guide how the budget is created and what the priorities of the budget might be. When the underlying orientation changes, the methodology of creating the budget might change, the budget priorities might change and when all of this happens the entire budget output is likely to change.
Unit 6. A proposal for program change should be presented with a clear, concise argument based on whatever management's main principles are. If management bases decisions on numbers alone, then there needs to be a high quantitative component to the proposal. If management thinks more on the lines of strategy, then that argument is the best basis. If management uses gut instinct, more emotional appeals should be made…
References
IMF. (2014). Budget preparation. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved March 5, 2014 from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/expend/guide3.htm
Langfield-Smith, K. (1997). Management control systems and strategy: A critical review. Accounting, Organizations and Society. Vol. 22 (2) 207-232.
Simons, R. (1991). Strategic orientation and top management attention to control systems. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 12 (1) 49-62.
Revenues for the Miami Dade Police Department 2011 to 2012 Revenue Source Amount (in thousands of dollars) General Funds $488,535 911 Fees $13,249 Parking / Traffic Surcharges $4,190 Federal Grants $9,204 Carryover $15,738 Contract Services $63,262 Miscellaneous $4,172 ("FY 2011-2012 Budget," 2011) These numbers are showing how the Miami Dade Police Department receives additional forms of income from various fees, contract services, grants and other programs. The combination of these elements is used to provide the community with protective services. How are the revenue amounts expected to change in
According to Fickes, GASB 34 changes traditional government accounting to give the readers of government financial reports a more accurate reading of everything (2002). Private accounting firms do not follow these standards because they are not responsible for being accountable to the taxpayers. Budgeting and Financial Reporting in the Government The government cannot just act as it wishes when it comes to budgeting and financial reporting. For this reason, there is
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This demographic understands how investment markets work and is likely to make the smart and responsible choices with these investment funds to ensure that they have a good retirement. The demographic that is least likely to benefit from such a plan is the demographic at the lower end of the income scale, blue collar workers with less education, minorities, new immigrants, and rural people. These demographics are generally less wealthy
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Property tax relief is a subject that arises when the elderly or poor struggle to meet their property tax burdens. If they are long-term residents, they can be caught up when their neighborhood sees a dramatic increase in property values. There are sometimes mechanisms that governments use in order to provide relief. Both tax credits and rebates can be used to help return some of the money paid or that is